XXX - Endocrine & Metabolic Drugs Flashcards
Treatment for genetic short stature, failure to thrive
Somatropin
Treatment for acromegaly, variceal bleeding
Octreotide
Treatment for hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma
Bromocriptine
Labor induction/augmentation, control of post-partum hemorrhage, SE: fluid retention
Oxytocin
Treatment for central DI
Desmopressin
Treatment for hypothyroidism, myxedema coma
Levothyroxine
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, DOC in pregnant patients (largely protein bound), SE: agranulocytosis
PTU
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, SE: agranulocytosis, teratogen (aplasia cutis)
Methimazole
Preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism, SE: permanent hypothyroidism
Radioactive Iodine (RAI)
Reduces vascularity and size of thyroid
Lugol’s Iodine (SSKI)
Symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism, decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Propranolol
Ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism
Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism
Jod-Basedow phenomenon
Drugs that inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
PTU, Propranolol, Hydrocortisone
Drugs that can cause drug-induced hyperthyroidism
Clofibrate, Amiodarone, Methadone
Acute adrenal insufficiency, status asthmaticus, thyroid storm
Hydrocortisone
Prototype oral glucocorticoid, SE: adrenal suppression, Cushing syndrome
Prednisone
Hastens fetal lung maturity
Beta-/Dexamethasone
Mineralocorticoid replacement for chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s)
Fludrocortisone
Steroids for hypoadrenalism
Prednisone, Fludrocortisone
Most frequently used synthetic estrogen in OCPs, SE: hypertension, DVT/PE, endometrial CA, contraindicated in heavy smokers > 35 y.o.
Ethynyl Estradiol
OCP drug, SE: clear cell vaginal adenoCA in daughter
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Prevents estrogen-induced endometrial CA
Norgestrel
OCP of choice in lactating women
Progestin (DMPA)
Emergency contraception, Yuzpe regimen
Levonorgestrel
Hormone-responsive breast CA, SE: endometrial CA
Tamoxifen
Ovulation induction, SE: multiple gestation
Clomiphene
Treatment of endometriosis, SE: hirsutism
Danazol
Medical abortion
Mifepristone
NORgestimate, NORethindrone, NORgestrel
Progestins
Treatment for male hypogonadism, SE: virilization, paradoxical feminization (↑ estrogen precursor)
Testosterone
Anabolic steroids, illegal performance enhancers
Oxandrolone
Treatment of prostate CA, co-administered to prevent acute flare-ups of the tumor
Flutamide + Leuprolide
5α-reductase inhibitor, treatment of BPH and male pattern baldness
Finasteride
Most efficacious anti-diabetic drug, activates tyrosine kinase, SE: hypoglycemia, lipdystrophy
Insulin
1st gen. sulfonylurea (secretagogue), SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram reaction
Chlorpropamide
2nd gen. sulfonylurea (secretagogue), SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram reaction
Glipizide
Newer insulin secretagogue, no hypoglycemia
Repaglinide
First-line anti-diabetic drug, decreases gluconeogenesis, DOC for obese diabetics, SE: lactic acidosis, weight loss, GI upset
Metformin
Thiazolidinedione, PPAR-γ, insulin sensitizer, SE: CHF
Pioglitazone
α-glucosidase inhibitor, SE: flatulence
Acarbose
Insulin: fast
Lispro
Insulin: large
Glargine
Insulin: Slow
Lantus
Why is there paradoxical improvement of DM in patients with CKD?
Insulin: ↓ clearance, ↑ half-life
Patients prone to hypoglycemia
advanced renal disease, elderly children < 7 y.o.
Inactive vitamin D, rickets, osteomalacia
Ergocalciferol
Active vitamin D, secondary hyperparathyroidism
Calcitriol
Paget’s disease of the bone, hypercalcemia, tumor marker for medullary thyroid CA
Calcitonin
Suppresses osteoclast activity, Paget’s disease of the bone, osteoporosis, SE: esophagitis
Alendronate
Phosphate-binding resin
Sevelamer
Signs of Hyperparathyroidism
painful BONES, renal STONES, abdominal GROANS, psychiatric OVERTONES
Tones down Ca
Calcitonin
