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Pharmacology > XVI - Antibacterials > Flashcards

XVI - Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericidal Antibiotics

A

Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Metronidazole

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2
Q

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

A

Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

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3
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillin, SE: hypersensitivity

A

Pen G (IV), Pen V (oral), Benzathine Penicillin (IM)

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4
Q

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin, very narrow therapeutic window, SE: interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

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5
Q

Extended spectrum penicillin, SE: pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin

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6
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin, SE: hypertension, hypervolemia, bleeding

A

Ticarcillin

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7
Q

Penicillin for Staphylococcus

A

Nafcillin

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8
Q

Amoxicillin Coverage

A

Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterococci

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9
Q

Penicillin for Pseudomonas

A

Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin

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10
Q

1st gen. cephalosporin, high bone penetration, surgical prophylaxis, greatest gram (-) coverage, SE: hypersensitivity

A

Cefazolin

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11
Q

2nd gen. cephalosporin, added gram (-) coverage, SE: disulfiram reaction

A

Cefamandole

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12
Q

3rd gen. cephalosporin, pseudomonas, SE: disulfiram reaction

A

Cefoperazone

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13
Q

Most efficacious cephalosporin for Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

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14
Q

4th gen. cephalosporin, broad spectrum [gram (+) & (-)]

A

Cefepime

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15
Q

Cephalosporin with best BBB penetrance

A

Ceftriaxone

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16
Q

1st Gen. Cephalosporin Coverage

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus

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17
Q

1st Gen. Cephalosporins

A

CeFADroxil, CeFAZolin, CePHalothin, CePHapirin, CePHradine, CePHalexin

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18
Q

2nd Gen. Cephalosporin Coverage

A

Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens

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19
Q

2nd Gen. Cephalosporins

A

CeFAMandole, CeFOXitin, CeFURoxime, CefoTEtan, CeFAClor, LORAcarbef, CefPROzil, CefometAZOLE, CeFONicid

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20
Q

Drugs that cause disulfiram reaction

A

Chlorpropamide, CefoPerazone, CefoMandole, CefoMetazole, CefoTetan, Procarbazine, Metronidazole

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21
Q

3rd Gen. Cephalosporins

A

CeFEtamet, CefPOdoxime, CefoPERAzone, CeFIXime, CefTriaxone, CefTazidime, CefoTaxime, CefTizoxime, CefTibuten

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22
Q

4th Gen. Cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

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23
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal Cephalosporins

A

CefTAZidime, CeFEPime, CefoPERAzone

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24
Q

Bind to 30s Subunit

A

Aminoglycosides, Tetracycline

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25
Q

Bind to 50s Subunit

A

Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Lincosamides, Linezolid

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26
Q

Binds to 50s subunit, SE: aplastic anemia, grey baby syndrome (↓ glucoronyl-transferase)

A

Chloramphenicol

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27
Q

Binds to 30s subunit, SE: tooth enamel discoloration, photosensitivity

A

Tetracycline

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28
Q

Binds to 50s subunit, DOC for penicillin-allergic patients

A

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

29
Q

Binds to 50s subunit, highest volume of distribution, single dose administration

A

Azithromycin (Macrolide)

30
Q

Binds to 50s subunit, anaerobes, SE: pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin (Lincosamide)

31
Q

Binds to 50s subunit, vancomycin-resistant Staph. aureus

A

Linezolid

32
Q

For anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

33
Q

For anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

A

Metronidazole

34
Q

Prototype aminoglycoside, bactericidal, binds to 30s subunit, SE: nephrotoxic, ototoxic

A

Gentamicin

35
Q

Aminoglycoside for ocular infections

A

Tobramycin

36
Q

Aminoglycoside for PTB

A

Streptomycin (IM)

37
Q

Aminoglycoside for drug-resistant gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

38
Q

Aminoglycoside with the widest spectrum, Pseudomonas, narrow therapeutic window

A

Amikacin

39
Q

Aminoglycoside for hepatic encephalopathy

A

Neomycin

40
Q

Aminoglycosides require ___ for transport.

A

oxygen

41
Q

Aminoglycosides & their SE

A

Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin, Spectinomycin (SE: Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen)

42
Q

Blocks dihydropteroate synthase, bacteriostatic

A

Sulfamethoxazole

43
Q

Blocks dihydrofolate reductase, bacteriostatic

A

Trimethoprim

44
Q

Sequential blockade of folate synthesis, UTI, Pneumocystis jirovecii, SE: hypersensitivity (SJS, TEN), kernicterus, hemolysis in G6PD, bactericidal

A

TMP-SMX

45
Q

Sulfonamide for burns

A

Sulfadiazine

46
Q

Blocks DNA gyrase/topoisomerase II

A

Fluoroquinolones

47
Q

2nd gen. quinolone, UTI, GIT infections, SE: tendinitis, contraindicated in children

A

Ciprofloxacin

48
Q

3rd gen. quinolone, pulmonary infections

A

Levofloxacin

49
Q

4th gen. quinolone, broad spectrum, anaerobes, ocular infections

A

Moxifloxacin (topical)

50
Q

4th gen. quinolone, SE: DM

A

Gatifloxacin

51
Q

Fluoroquinolones cause _____ hence they should be avoided in pediatric patients.

A

cartilage damage

52
Q

Bactericidal, inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, SE: neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, sideroblastic anemia, drug-induced lupus, CYP450 inhibitor

A

Isoniazid

53
Q

Bacteriostatic, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SE: red-orange urine, hepatotoxic

A

Rifampicin

54
Q

Bacteriostatic, inhibits arabinogalactan synthesis, SE: visual dysfunction (retrobulbar neuritis, color blindness - Ishihara)

A

Ethambutol

55
Q

Bacteriostatic but bactericidal on actively dividing MTB, SE: hyperuricemia, most hepatotoxic

A

Pyrazinamide

56
Q

Bactericidal, binds to 30s, SE: nephrotoxic, ototoxic

A

Streptomycin

57
Q

Hepatotoxic Anti-Mycobacterials

A

Isoniazid < Rifampicin < Pyrazinamide

58
Q

Most active drug against M. leprae, inhibits folate synthesis, SE: methemoglobinemia

A

Dapsone

59
Q

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, delays onset of dapsone-resistance in leprosy, SE: red-orange urine, hepatotoxic

A

Rifampicin

60
Q

Phenazine dye, binds to guanine bases, M. leprae, SE: skin discoloration

A

Clofazimine

61
Q

Silver bullet against gram (-) bacteria, no gram (+) activity, Pseudomonas

A

Aztreonam

62
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

A

Clavulanic Acid, Tazobactam, Sulbactam

63
Q

Treatment for MRSA, SE: Red Man syndrome

A

Vancomycin

64
Q

Drug of last resort, broad spectrum, SE: CNS toxicity (confusion, encephalopathy, seizures)

A

Meropenem

65
Q

Drug usually added to Imipenem to prolong its effects

A

Cilastatin

66
Q

Anaerobic and protozoal coverage, treatment pseudomembranous colitis, SE: disulfiram reaction, metallic taste, neurotoxic

A

Metronidazole

67
Q

Treatment of UTI, SE: pulmonary fibrosis

A

Nitrofurantoin

68
Q

Drugs of Last Resort

A

Imipinem, Amikacin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Streptogramins, Vancomycin

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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