XVII - Organs of Special Senses Flashcards by Grazielle Verzosa

First and most powerful structure of the optical system

cornea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Center of vision

fovea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enable the lens to change its shape

zonula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Middle vascular layer of the eye

uvea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

film of the eye

retina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Area of the eye without sensory cells

optic disk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

First part of the brain to receive visual input

optic chiasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relay station of the visual cortex

lateral geniculate body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Keeps images focused on the retina

lens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Layer of blood vessel that supplies blood to the retina

choroid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Produces aqueous humor

ciliary body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blocked in glaucoma

canal of Schlemm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lens: highly elastic basement membrane covered by a single layer of cuboidal cells, thickest near the equator, thinnest posteriorly

capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lens: forms the bulk of the lens, composed of long thin tightly packed cells who lost their nuclei and form fibers

cortex/fiber

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cornea: stratified non-keratinizing squamous, 5-6 layers, exposed to air, one of the richest sensory nerve supplies of any eye tissue

epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cornea: composed of collagen fibers, acellular, contributes greatly to the stability and strength of the cornea

Bowman’s membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cornea: thickest layer, collagen type III and IV, avascular

stroma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cornea: basement membrane

Descemet’s membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cornea: simple squamous, exposed to aqueous humor, responsible for metabolic exchanges

endothelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retina: not photosensitive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retina: photosensitive, optical part

posterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retina: contains photosensitive cells (rods & cones)

outer layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retina: contains bipolar neurons

intermediate layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retina: contains ganglion cells

internal layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retina: where the retina converges to form the optic nerve

optic disk (optic nerve head, papilla of the optic nerve

Retina: blind spot

optic disk

Retina: oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina

macula

Retina: area of highest visual acuity

fovea

Retina: small pit in the center of the macula, contains the highest concentration of cone cells

fovea

Retina: separates the retina from the vitreous humor

inner limiting membrane

Retina: unmyelinated axons of ganglion cells

optic nerve fibers

Retina: site of action potential generation, receptor cells

ganglion cells

Retina: synapses between bipolar cells of dendrites of ganglion cells, closer to vitreous

inner plexiform

Retina: nuclei of bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and müller cells

inner nuclear

Retina: synapses between bipolar cells of dendrites of ganglion cells, farther from vitreous

outer plexiform

Retina: nuclei of rods and cones

outer nuclear

Retina: separates outer nuclear and photoreceptor layers

outer limiting membrane

Retina: contain Na channels

photoreceptors

Retina: forms blood-retina barrier, esterifies vitamin A, contains melanin granules, phagocytoses debris

pigment epithelium

Photoreceptors: scotopic vision

rods

Photoreceptors: very light-sensitive, sensitive to scattered light

rods

Photoreceptors: low visual acuity

rods

Photoreceptors: loss can cause night blindness

rods

Photoreceptors: not present in fovea

rods

Photoreceptors: slow response to light

rods

Photoreceptors: have more pigment cones

rods

Photoreceptors: more numerous (20x)

rods

Photoreceptors: one type of photosensitive pigment, rhodopsin

rods

Photoreceptors: confer achromatic vision

rods

Photoreceptors: photopic vision

cones

Photoreceptors: not very light-sensitive, sensitive to direct light

cones

Photoreceptors: high visual acuity, better spatial resolution

cones

Photoreceptors: loss can cause legal blindness

cones

Photoreceptors: concentrated at fovea

cones

Photoreceptors: fast resonse to light

cones

Photoreceptors: less pigment cones

cones

Photoreceptors: 3 types of photosensitive pigments (varieties of iodopsin)

cones

Photoreceptors: confer color vision (red, blue, green)

cones

Eye: thin transparent mucous membrane, stratified columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells, lamina propria with loose connective tissue

conjunctiva

Eyelids: long sebaceous glands in tarsal plate, do not communicate with hair follicles, creates an oily layer on the surface of the tear film preventing rapid evaporation of tear film

Meibomian glands

Eyelids: sweat glands emptying secretions into hair follicles

glands of Moll

Eyelids: smaller modified sebaceous glands connected with hair follicles

glands of Zeis

Tear-secreting, tubuloalveolar gland rich in lysozyme

lacrimal gland

Lacrimal Apparatus: thick stratified squamous epithelium

canaliculi

Ear: auricle

pinna

External Auditory Meatus: Epithelium

stratified squamous

External Auditory Meatus: contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands (coiled tubular)

submucosa

External Auditory Meatus: outer third

elastic cartilage

External Auditory Meatus: inner part

temporal bone

Transmits sound waves to the ossicles

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Tympanic Membrane: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

external surface

Tympanic Membrane: tough connective tissue (collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts), highly vascular

middle layer

Tympanic Membrane: simple cuboidal

inner surface

Ear: middle

tympanic cavity

Tympanic Cavity: Epithelium

simple squamous epithelium which gradually transforms into ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Auditory Ossicles

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

Auditory Labyrinths: low sodium, high potassium, low protein

endolymph

Irregular central cavity housing the saccule and utricle

vestibule

Membranous Labyrinths

utricle, saccule

Bony Labyrinths

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

Labyrinths: semicircular canal

kinetic labyrinth

Labyrinths: type 1 and 2 hair cells within cristae ampullaris, have stereocilia and single cilium, supporting cells

kinetic labyrinth

Labyrinths: cells are covered by a gelatinous mass called cupula, (-) otoliths

kinetic labyrinth

Labyrinths: angular acceleration and deceleration

kinetic labyrinth

Labyrinths: utricle and saccule

static labyrinth

Labyrinths: type 1 and 2 hair cells within maculae, have stereocilia and kinocilia (single cilium), supporting cells

static labyrinth

Labyrinths: cells are covered by otolithic membrane with otolits and otoconia

static labyrinth

Labyrinths: linear acceleration, gravity

static labyrinth

Part of the cochlea of the inner ear, provided with hair cells which are auditory sensory cells (single row of inner hair cells, 3-5 rows of outer hair cells) with stereocilia but no kinocilium

organ of Corti

contains as much as 15,000-20,000 auditory nerve receptors, responds to fluid-borne vibrations in the cochlea

organ of Corti

Organ of Corti: roof wall

vestibular (Reissner's) membrane

Organ of Corti: floor wall

basilar membrane

Organ of Corti: lateral wall

stria vascularis

Smallest skeletal muscle

stapedius

Fluid in the osseus labyrinth

perilymph

Fluid in the membranous labyrinth

endolymph

The inner ear is a space in which part of bone?

petrous part of temporal bone