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Histology > X - Immune System and Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

X - Immune System and Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Immediate, nonspecific actions that prevent infections or penetration of the host body

A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

Immunity: skin, mucous membranes, neutrophils, leukocytes, NK cells

A

Innate Immunity

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3
Q

Immunity: HCl, organic acids, defensins, lysozyme, complement, interferons

A

Innate Immunity

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4
Q

Immunity: acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms, more specific, slower, B and T cells, antigen presenting cells, memory lymphocytes

A

Adaptive Immunity

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5
Q

Immunity: involved in both innate and adaptive, coordinate cell activities in the immune response

A

cytokines

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6
Q

Cytokines: growth and differentiation factors for leukocyte progenitor cells in bone marrow

A

GM-CSF, M-CSF

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7
Q

Cytokines: stimulation of inflammation and fever

A

TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1

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8
Q

Cytokines: stimulation of growth in T lymphocytes and NK cells

A

IL-12

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9
Q

Cytokines: growth factors for T helper cells and B lymphocytes

A

IL-2, IL-4

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10
Q

Cytokines: eosinophil proliferation, differentiation and activation

A

IL-5

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11
Q

Cytokines: activation of macrophages

A

Interferon-γ, IL-4

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12
Q

Cytokines: inhibition of macrophages and specific adaptive immune responses

A

IL-10

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13
Q

Cytokines: antiviral activity

A

Interferon-α, Interferon-β

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14
Q

Cytokines: chemokine for neutrophils and T lymphocytes

A

IL-8

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15
Q

Large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses

A

antibodies

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16
Q

Recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called an antigen

A

antibodies

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17
Q

Each tip of the “Y” of the antibody contains a _____ (lock) that is specific for an _____ (key).

A

paratope, epitope

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18
Q

Antibodies are produced by

A

plasma cells

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19
Q

Immunoglobulins by Amount

A

G (75-85%), A (10-15%), M (5-10%), E (0.002%), D (0.001%)

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20
Q

Immunoglobulins: secretory IG, mucosal areas, gut, respiratory tract, prevents colonization by pathogens, saliva, tears, milk

A

IgA

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21
Q

Immunoglobulins: antigen receptor on B-cells that have not been exposed to antigens, activate basophils and mast cells to produce antimicrobial factors

A

IgD

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22
Q

Immunoglobulins: binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils, protects against parasitic worms

A

IgE

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23
Q

Immunoglobulins: provides the majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens, only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to fetus

A

IgG

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24
Q

Immunoglobulins: expressed on the surface of B-cells (monomer) and in a secreted form (pentamer) with very high avidity, first antibody produced in initial immune response, activates complement

A

IgM

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25
Hypersensitivity: immediate
type I
26
Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis
type I
27
Hypersensitivity: atopy
type I
28
Hypersensitivity: IgE
type I
29
Hypersensitivity: cytotoxic (antibody-dependent)
type II
30
Hypersensitivity: Goodpasture's Syndrome
type II
31
Hypersensitivity: Erythroblastosis Fetalis
type II
32
Hypersensitivity: IgM, IgG
type II
33
Hypersensitivity: Immune Complex
type III
34
Hypersensitivity: SLE
type III
35
Hypersensitivity: RA
type III
36
Hypersensitivity: Serum Sickness
type III
37
Hypersensitivity: IgG, complement
type III
38
Hypersensitivity: delayed
type IV
39
Hypersensitivity: chronic transplant rejection
type IV
40
Hypersensitivity: Multiple Sclerosis
type IV
41
Hypersensitivity: Mantoux Test
type IV
42
Hypersensitivity: T-cells
type IV
43
T lymphocytes: Thymus
100%
44
T lymphocytes: Bone Marrow
10%
45
T lymphocytes: Spleen
45%
46
T lymphocytes: Lymph Nodes
60%
47
T lymphocytes: Blood
70%
48
B lymphocytes: Thymus
0%
49
B lymphocytes: Bone Marrow
90%
50
B lymphocytes: Spleen
55%
51
B lymphocytes: Lymph Nodes
40%
52
B lymphocytes: Blood
30%
53
Lymphoid Organs: induction of central tolerance preventing autoimmunity
thymus
54
Lymphoid Organs: one of the largest lymphoid organs (70% of all immune cells), tonsils (palatine, lingual, pharyngeal), Peyer's patches, appendix
MALT - Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
55
Lymphoid Organs: completely encapsulated, 400-450 in the body, in-line filters of lymph that defend against the spread of microorganisms and tumor cells, facilitate production of plasma cells secreting non-IgA antibodies
lymph nodes
56
Lymphoid Organs: largest single accumulation of lymphoid tissue, only one involved in the filtration of blood, main site of erythrocyte destruction
spleen
57
Thymus: cortex/medulla
present (distinct)
58
Thymus: lymphoid nodules
absent
59
Thymus: lymhatic vessels
(-) afferents, few efferents
60
Thymus: unique features
Hassall corpuscles in the medulla, epithelial-reticular cells in cortex and medulla
61
MALT: cortex/medulla
absent
62
MALT: lymphoid nodules
present
63
MALT: lymphatic vessels
(-) afferents, (+) efferents
64
MALT: unique features
crypts lined by surface mucosa in tonsils, epithelial M cells in mucosa over Peyer patches
65
Lymph Nodes: cortex/medulla
present
66
Lymph Nodes: lymphoid nodules
in cortex only
67
Lymph Nodes: lymphatic vessels
afferents at capsule, efferent at hilum
68
Lymph Nodes: unique features
thin paracortical region between cortex and medulla, high endothelial venules (HEV)
69
Spleen: cortex-medulla
absent
70
Spleen: lymphoid nodules
in white pulp only
71
Spleen: lymphatic vessels
(-) afferents, efferents in trabeculae
72
Spleen: unique features
minor white pulp component with central arterioles, major red pulp component (splenic cords of Billroth) with sinusoids (RBC removal)

Histology (17 decks)

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