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Histology > I - Cell Biology > Flashcards

I - Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Command center of the cell

A

nucleus

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2
Q

The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

Most abundant form of chromatin

A

euchromatin

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4
Q

Site of DNA Transcription

A

nucleus

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5
Q

Responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis

A

nucleolus

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6
Q

Transcriptionally inactive chromatin

A

heterochromatin

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7
Q

Complex of DNA, histone and non-histone proteins

A

chromatin

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8
Q

Barr Bodies are _____chromatin.

A

heterochromatin

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9
Q

Allows passage of nuclear substances to the cytoplasm

A

nuclear pore

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10
Q

Nucleolus: Maturing Ribosomes

A

pars granulosa

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11
Q

Nucleolus: Active Zone

A

pars fibrosa (dense fibrillar zone)

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12
Q

Nucleolus: Inactive DNA

A

fibrillar center

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13
Q

The nucleus is the site of DNA replication and transcription of DNA in

A

precursors of RNA molecules

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14
Q

Contains all enzymes required for replication and repair of newly synthesized DNA

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Double stranded helical molecule that carries genetic information of the cell

A

DNA

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16
Q

Histone proteins are _____ charged.

A

positive

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17
Q

Important in forming the nucleosome and solenoid fibers in chromatin

A

histones

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18
Q

Basic repeating unit of the chromatin fiber

A

nucleosome

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19
Q

Non-histone proteins contain enzymes involved in

A

nuclear functions

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20
Q

Chromatin: condensed, dark, inactive, Barr bodies

A

heterochromatin

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21
Q

Chromatin: dispersed, light, actively transcribed

A

euchromatin

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22
Q

Organelles: contains their own set of DNA

A

mitochondria

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23
Q

Site of post-translational modification

A

golgi apparatus

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24
Q

Sequestration and release of Ca in striated muscle

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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25
Q

Organelles: contains large and small subunits

A

ribosomes

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26
Q

Organelles: synthesis of steroid hormones, phospholipids and TG

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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27
Q

Organelles: protein sorting and packaging

A

golgi apparatus

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28
Q

Organelles: synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane bound and lysosomal enzymes

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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29
Q

Organelles: production of CoA, TCA, beta-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation

A

mitochondria

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30
Q

Organelles: contains inner and outer membranes

A

mitochondria

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31
Q

Organelles: ATP synthesis

A

mitchondria

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32
Q

Organelles: ER without ribosomes

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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33
Q

Organelles: synthesis of membrane phospholipids

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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34
Q

Organelles: synthesis of steroid hormones

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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35
Q

Organelles: drug detoxification

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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36
Q

Organelles: fatty acid elongation

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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37
Q

Organelles: calcium fluxes associated with muscle contraction

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

Organelles: contains ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

Organelles: Synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

40
Q

Organelles: co-translational modification of proteins

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

41
Q

Organelles: stacks of membranous cisternae with cis and trans face

A

golgi apparatus

42
Q

Organelles: post-translational modification

A

golgi apparatus

43
Q

Organelles: protein sorting and packaging

A

golgi apparatus

44
Q

Organelles: non-membrane bound vesicles where mRNA is translated into an AA sequence

A

free ribosomes

45
Q

Organelles: site of cytosolic and organellar protein synthesis

A

free ribosomes

46
Q

Mitochondrial genome defect with muscle weakness/pain, seizures, hemiparesis, dementia

A

MELAS - Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis & Stroke-like symptoms

47
Q

Organelles: drug detoxification

48
Q

Organelles: abundant in ovaries, testes and adrenals

49
Q

Organelles: abundant in neurons

50
Q

Organelles: abundant in pancreas and thyroid

51
Q

Organelles: abundant in red muscle fibers

A

mitochondria

52
Q

Organelles: synthesis of secretory proteins, membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes

53
Q

Organelles: membrane cycling

A

golgi apparatus

54
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: cell garbage and disposal system

55
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: contains oxidative enzyme, synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisome

56
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: contains hydrolytic enzymes

57
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: beta-oxidation of long-chain FA

A

peroxisome

58
Q

Suicide Bags

59
Q

Major Enzyme in Peroxisomes

60
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: bile acid synthesis

A

peroxisome

61
Q

Major Protein in Lysosome

A

acid hydrolase

62
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: enzymes produced in free ribosomes

A

peroxisome

63
Q

Membrane-Bound Vesicles: enzymes produced in RER

64
Q

Glycogen storage disease involving a defect in lysosomal metabolism, acid maltase deficiency, muscle weakness, cardiorespiratory failure

A

Pompe Disease

65
Q

Cytoskeleton: actin

A

microfilament

66
Q

Cytoskeleton: mechanical support for cells

A

microfilament

67
Q

Cytoskeleton: muscle contraction

A

microfilament (with myosin)

68
Q

Cytoskeleton: exocytosis, endocytosis, cytokinesis, structural proteins

A

microfilament

69
Q

Cytoskeleton: microvilli

A

microfilament

70
Q

Cytoskeleton: tumor markers

A

intermediate filament

71
Q

Cytoskeleton: link between the extracellular matrix, cytoplasm and nucleus

A

intermediate filament

72
Q

Cytoskeleton: α & β tubulin

A

microtubule

73
Q

Cytoskeleton: intracellular vesicle and organelle transport

A

microtubule

74
Q

Cytoskeleton: mitosis and meiosis (centrioles)

A

microtubule

75
Q

Cytoskeleton: ciliary and flagellar movement

A

microtubule

76
Q

Cytoskeleton: demonstrates tissue specificity, pathologic markers

A

intermediate filament

77
Q

Cytoskeleton: thinnest

A

microfilament

78
Q

Cytoskeleton: inhibited by Amanita mushroom toxin

A

microfilament

79
Q

Cytoskeleton: Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

A

microtubule

80
Q

Intermediate Filament Tumor Markers: epithelial cells (squamous cell CA, adenoCA)

A

cytokeratin

81
Q

Intermediate Filament Tumor Markers: endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, fibroblast, chondroblast

82
Q

Intermediate Filament Tumor Markers: skeletal and smooth muscle

83
Q

Intermediate Filament Tumor Markers: neurons

A

neurofilament

84
Q

Intermediate Filament Tumor Markers: glial cells

A

glial fibrillar acidic protein

85
Q

Intermediate Filament Tumor Markers: inner membrane of nuclear envelope

A

laminins A, B & C

86
Q

Microtubule-Associated Proteins: ATPase activity for the movement of vesicles towards te axon terminal, anterograde transport

87
Q

Microtubule-Associated Proteins: ATPase activity toward the minus end (cell body)

88
Q

Microtubule-Associated Proteins: ATPase activity for elongation of nerve axons

89
Q

Drug that acts on microtubules of fungal cells

A

Griseofulvin

90
Q

Anti-inflammatory drug that acts on microtubules

A

Colchicine

91
Q

Anti-cancer drugs that act on microtubules

A

Vinblastine, Vincristine, Taxanes

92
Q

Microtubule polymerization defect, decreased ability for phagocytosis, recurrent pyogenic infections, partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Histology (17 decks)

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