VII - Muscle Flashcards
Muscle: cytoplasm
sarcoplasm
Muscle: SER
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle: cell membrane and external lamina
sarcolemma
Muscle Fibers: slow, oxidative, red
Type I
Muscle Fibers: fast, oxidative, glycolytic, red
Type IIa
Muscle Fibers: fast, glycolytic, white
Type IIb
Type I Muscle Fibers: mitochondria
numerous
Type I Muscle Fibers: capillaries
numerous
Type I Muscle Fibers: diameter
small
Type I Muscle Fibers: motor unit size
small
Type I Muscle Fibers: myoglobin content
high
Type I Muscle Fibers: glycogen content
low
Type I Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
Type I Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes
low
Type I Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue
slow
Type I Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity
low
Type I Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction
slow
Type I Muscle Fibers: location
postural muscles of the back
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: mitochondria
numerous
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: capillaries
numerous
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: diameter
intermediate
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: motor unit size
intermediate
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: myoglobim content
high
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: glycogen content
intermediate
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes
intermediate
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue
intermediate
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity
high
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction
fast
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: location
major muscles of legs
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: mitochondria
sparse
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: capillaries
sparse
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: diameter
large
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: motor unit size
large
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: myoglobin content
low
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: glycogen content
high
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP
anaerobic glycolysis
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes
high
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue
fast
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity
high
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction
fast
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: location
extraocular muscles
Skeletal Muscle: skeletal attachment
present
Skeletal Muscle: fiber shape
cylindrical
Skeletal Muscle: fiber diameter
10-100μm
Skeletal Muscle: mitochondria
few (2%)
Skeletal Muscle: functional syncitium
none
Skeletal Muscle: nucleus
multiple, peripheral
Skeletal Muscle: sarcomere (striation)
regular
Skeletal Muscle: T-tubules
center of triads at A-I junctions
Cardiac Muscle: skeletal attachment
none
Cardiac Muscle: fiber shape
cylindrical, branches
Cardiac Muscle: fiber diameter
10-20μm
Cardiac Muscle: mitochondria
many (40%)
Cardiac Muscle: functional syncitium
present
Cardiac Muscle: nucleus
one or two, central
Cardiac Muscle: sarcomere (striation)
regular
Cardiac Muscle: T-tubules
diads at Z dics
Smooth Muscle: skeletal attachment
none
Smooth Muscle: fiber shape
fusiform
Smooth Muscle: fiber diameter
0.2-10μm
Smooth Muscle: mitochondria
less
Smooth Muscle: functional syncitium
presemt
Smooth Muscle: nucleus
single, central at the widest part of the cell
Smooth Muscle: sarcomere (striation)
none
Smooth Muscle: T-tubules
none, caveolae may be functionally similar
Skeletal Muscle: actin attachment
Z line
Skeletal Muscle: Ca binding protein
troponin
Skeletal Muscle: response to stimulus
graded by recruitment
Skeletal Muscle: excitability
nerve supply (motor)
Skeletal Muscle: electrical coupling
none
Skeletal Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca
none
Skeletal Muscle: regeneration
limited
Skeletal Muscle: pacemaker potential
none
Skeletal Muscle: major locations
skeletal muscle, tongue, diaphragm, eyes, upper esophagus
Cardiac Muscle: actin attachment
Z line
Cardiac Muscle: Ca binding protein
troponin
Cardiac Muscle: response to stimulus
all or none electrical syncitium
Cardiac Muscle: excitability
intrinsic (autonomic)
Cardiac Muscle: electrical coupling
intercalated disc and gap junctions
Cardiac Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca
present
Cardiac Muscle: regeneration
very poor
Cardiac Muscle: pacemaker potential
present
Cardiac Muscle: major locations
heart
Smooth Muscle: actin attachment
dense bodies
Smooth Muscle: Ca binding protein
calmodulin
Smooth Muscle: response to stimulus
partial, slow, spontaneous, wave-like, rhythmic
Smooth Muscle: excitability
intrinsic (autonomic)
Smooth Muscle: electrical coupling
gap junctions
Smooth Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca
present
regeneration
good
Smooth Muscle: pacemaker potential
present
Smooth Muscle: major locations
blood vessels, digestive and respiratory tracts, uterus, bladder
Pacemaker of cardiac muscles
SA node
Pacemaker of smooth muscles in GI tract
interstitial cells of Cajal
Vessel supplying the SA node
R coronary artery
Endoplasmic reticulum in muscles
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca voltage sensor receptors in the tubular membrane
dihydropyridine receptors
Ca-channel blocker that acts on dihydropyridine receptors
Nifedipine
Ca-release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ryanodine Ca Release Channels
Part of sarcoplasmic reticulum where Ca is stored
terminal cisternae
Does not shorten in contraction
A band
Sarcomere: thin filaments only
I band
Sarcomere: thick filaments only
H band
Sarcomere: mostly thick filaments with thin filaments in between
A band
Sarcomere: structural protein of thin filaments
actin
Sarcomere: structural protein of thick filaments
myosin
Sarcomere: supporting protein that binds to tropomyosin
Trop T
Sarcomere: supporting protein that binds Ca ions
Trop C
Sarcomere: supporting protein that inhibits actin-myosin interaction
Trop I
Sarcomere: contains ATPase activity
myosin
Muscle Striations: thick and thin filaments, dark band
A band
Muscle Striations: thin myofilaments, light band
I band
Muscle Striations: bisects the A band, thick filaments only, dark band
H band/zone
Muscle Striations: bisects the I band
Z disk
Delimits Sarcomeres
distance between 2 Z disks
Muscle Striations: bisects A band, absolute middle of a sarcomere
M line
A Band: Contraction
no change
A Band: Stretching
no change
I Band: Contraction
shortens
I Band: Stretching
lengthens
H Band: Contraction
shortens
H Band: Stretching
lengthens
Z Discs: Contraction
moves closer together
Z Discs: Stretching
moves further apart
M Line: Contraction
shortens
M Line: Stretching
lengthens
Substance release by damaged muscle fibers into the bloodstream causes renal failure and possible death
myoglobin
Process of muscle breakdown
rhabdomyolysis
