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Histology > V - Blood > Flashcards

V - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood: no nucleus/mitochondria, anaerobic glycolysis

A

erythrocytes

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2
Q

Protein that maintains the biconcave shape of the RBC

A

spectrin

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3
Q

Life span of adult RBCs

A

120 days

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4
Q

Life span of fetal RBCs

A

90 days

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5
Q

Life span of reticulocytes

A

1-2 days

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6
Q

Point mutation in the gene for the beta hemoglobin chain in RBCs

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

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7
Q

Multilobulated nucleus (2-5 lobes) connected by thin strand of nuclear materials (chromatin) with light staining very fine granules, phagocytic

A

neutrophils

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8
Q

Most abundant type of leukocyte (70%)

A

neutrophils

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9
Q

Has small golgi apparatus, sparse mitochondria and ribosomes, absent RER

A

neutrophils

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10
Q

Lifespan of neutrophils

A

1-4 days, half-life of 6-8 hours in blood

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11
Q

Hereditary immune system disorder that affects neutrophils

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

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12
Q

Shows the average level of blood glucose over the past 3 months

A

HbA1c

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13
Q

Bilobulated nucleus with numerous pink-orange granules, 1-3% of leukocytes

A

eosinophils

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14
Q

Highly involved in immune response against parasites especially helminths

A

eosinophils

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15
Q

Granulocyte that controls mechanisms in anaphylaxis and asthma

A

eosinophils

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16
Q

Allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that presents as heartburn and food impaction

A

Eosinphilic Esophagitis

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17
Q

Least common leukocyte (0.01-0.3%)

A

basophils

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18
Q

Contains large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the nucleus under light microscopy

A

basophils

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19
Q

Granulocyte that is important in immediate hypersensitivity reactions (type I) and anaphylaxis

A

basophils

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20
Q

Releases histamine, proteoglycans (heparin, chondroitin) and proteolytic enzymes (elastase, lysophospholipase)

A

basophils

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21
Q

Basophils in tissues

A

mast cells

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22
Q

Hematologic indicator of lead poisoning

A

basophilic stippling

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23
Q

Smallest leukocytes

A

lymphocytes

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24
Q

3 Main Types of Lymphocytes

A

T-cell, B-cell, Natural Killer Cells

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25
Q

Lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity

A

T-cells

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26
Q

Lymphocytes responsible for humoral immunity

A

B-cells

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27
Q

Recognize non-self antigens during antigen presentation

A

T-cells and B-cells

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28
Q

Defends the host from tumors and virus infected cells

A

Natural Killer Cells

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29
Q

Natural Killer cells distinguish infected and cancerous cells from normal cells by recognizing changes in a surface molecule

A

MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class I

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30
Q

Lymphocytes: lysis of virally infected cells and tumor cells

A

NK cells

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31
Q

Lymphocytes: release cytokines and growth factors that regulate other immune cells

A

helper T-cells (CD4)

32
Q

Lymphocytes: lysis of virally infected cells, tumor cells and allografts

A

cytotoxic T-cells (CD8)

33
Q

Lymphocytes: secretion of antibodies

34
Q

Large lobulated C-shaped nucleus, replenish resident macrophages under normal states

35
Q

Can move quickly (8-12h) in response to inflammation to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to elicit an immune response, phagocytosis

36
Q

Macrophage: primary alveolus of the lungs

A

dust cells (alveolar macrophage)

37
Q

Macrophage: connective tissue

A

histiocytes

38
Q

Macrophage: liver

A

Kuppfer cells

39
Q

Macrophage: neural tissue

40
Q

Macrophage: granulomas

A

epithelioid

41
Q

Macrophage: bone

A

osteoclast

42
Q

Macrophage: spleen

A

sinusoidal cells

43
Q

Macrophage: skin

A

Langerhan’s cells

44
Q

Fragments of megakaryocytes, non-nucleated

A

platelets (thrombocytes)

45
Q

Lifespan of platelets

46
Q

Involved in hemostasis leading to the formation of blood clots, releases srotonin which causes vasoconstriction

47
Q

Abnormality of platelets in which they lack glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

48
Q

Warfarin: PT

49
Q

Warfarin: PTT

50
Q

Warfarin: Bleeding Time

51
Q

Warfarin: Platelet Count

52
Q

DIC: PT

53
Q

DIC: PTT

54
Q

DIC: Bleeding Time

55
Q

DIC: Platelet Count

56
Q

Aspirin: PT

57
Q

Aspirin: PTT

58
Q

Aspirin: Bleeding Time

59
Q

Aspirin: Platelet Count

60
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: PT

61
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: PTT

62
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: Bleeding Time

63
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: Platelet Count

64
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome: PT

65
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome: PTT

66
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome: Bleeding Time

67
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome: Platelet Count

68
Q

Granulocytes: life span of 1-4 days

A

neutrophils

69
Q

Granulocytes: life span of 1-2 weeks

A

eosinophils

70
Q

Granulocytes: life span of several months

71
Q

Granulocytes: kill and phagocytose bacteria

A

neutrophils

72
Q

Granulocytes: kill helminths and other parasites, modulate local inflammation

A

eosinophils

73
Q

Granulocytes: modulate inflammation, release histamine during allergies

74
Q

Agranulocytes: life span of hours to many years

A

lymphocytes

75
Q

Agranulocytes: life span of hours to years

76
Q

Agranulocytes: effector and regulatory cells for adaptive immunity

A

lymphocytes

77
Q

Agranulocytes: precursors of macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytic cells

Histology (17 decks)

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