IV - Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Stores: Calcium

A

99%

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2
Q

Bone Stores: Phosphorus

A

85%

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3
Q

Bone Stores: Magnesium

A

65%

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4
Q

Unmineralized bone

A

osteoid

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5
Q

Most abundant bone cell

A

osteocyte

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6
Q

Bone resorption cell

A

osteoclast

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7
Q

Bone cell with PTH, vitamin D and estrogen receptors

A

osteoblast

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8
Q

Multinucleated bone cells derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

A

osteoclast

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9
Q

Mononuclear cells that synthesize most of the protein in bone

A

osteoblast

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10
Q

Deposits new bone matrix and mineralizes it

A

osteoblast

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11
Q

Trabecular or Spongy Bone

A

cancellous

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12
Q

Compact Bone

A

cortical

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13
Q

Bone: less dense, softer, weaker, less stiff

A

cancellous

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14
Q

Bone: facilitates main functions

A

cortical

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15
Q

Bone: highly vascular, contains marrow

A

cancellous

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16
Q

Bone: 80% of weight of the skeleton

A

cortical

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17
Q

Bone: site of hematopoiesis

A

cancellous

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18
Q

Bone: affected by osteoporosis

A

cancellous

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19
Q

Resorbs bone

A

osteoclast

20
Q

Bone: pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells

A

osteoprogenitor cells

21
Q

Synthesize, transport and arrange bone matrix

A

osteoblast

22
Q

Bone: derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells

A

osteoclast

23
Q

Bone: ruffled borders along its membrane to increase cell surface area

A

osteoclast

24
Q

Bone: detect mechanical forces and translate them into biological activities

25
Functional unit of compact bone
osteon/Haversian system
26
Carries blood vessels and nerves through the osteon
Haversian canal
27
"Little layer" of bone matrix between concentric rings of osteocytes
lamellae
28
Houses osteocytes
lacunae
29
Houses osteoclasts
Howship's lacunae
30
Protoplasmic extensions from osteocytes by which maintenance of bone is performed
canaliculi
31
Connects one Haversian canal to another
Volkmann's canal
32
Developing and growing bones, hard callus of bone fractures, immature/primary/bundle bone, newly calcified
woven bone
33
Remodeled from woven bone, adult bone, mature/secondary bone
lamellar bone
34
80% of lamellar bone, thick outer region beneath periosteum, cortical bone
compact bone
35
20% of lamellar bone, inner region, adjacent to marrow cavities, spongy/trabecullar/medullary bone
cancellous bone
36
Intramembranous Ossification
mesenchyme → osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteoid
37
Endochondral Ossification
erosion of pre-existing hyaline cartilage by osteoblasts → osteoid
38
Type I collagen defect
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
39
Lack of GH
Pituitary Dwarfism
40
Excess GH in adolescents
Gigantism
41
Excess GH in adults
Acromegaly
42
Permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist (claw-like deformity) commonly caused by a fracture in the elbow or upper arm
Volkmann's Contracture
43
Artery occluded in Volkmann's Contracture
brachial artery
44
Muscles affected in Volkmann's Contracture
flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus
45
Most common primary bone cancer
Osteosarcoma
46
Sun-burst appearance on x-ray
Osteosarcoma
47
Area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a new lesion raises the periosteum away from the bone
Codman Triangle