IV - Bone

Question 1

Bone Stores: Calcium

Answer 1

99%

Question 2

Bone Stores: Phosphorus

Answer 2

85%

Question 3

Bone Stores: Magnesium

Answer 3

65%

Question 4

Unmineralized bone

Answer 4

osteoid

Question 5

Most abundant bone cell

Answer 5

osteocyte

Question 6

Bone resorption cell

Answer 6

osteoclast

Question 7

Bone cell with PTH, vitamin D and estrogen receptors

Answer 7

osteoblast

Question 8

Multinucleated bone cells derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 8

osteoclast

Question 9

Mononuclear cells that synthesize most of the protein in bone

Answer 9

osteoblast

Question 10

Deposits new bone matrix and mineralizes it

Answer 10

osteoblast

Question 11

Trabecular or Spongy Bone

Answer 11

cancellous

Question 12

Compact Bone

Answer 12

cortical

Question 13

Bone: less dense, softer, weaker, less stiff

Answer 13

cancellous

Question 14

Bone: facilitates main functions

Answer 14

cortical

Question 15

Bone: highly vascular, contains marrow

Answer 15

cancellous

Question 16

Bone: 80% of weight of the skeleton

Answer 16

cortical

Question 17

Bone: site of hematopoiesis

Answer 17

cancellous

Question 18

Bone: affected by osteoporosis

Answer 18

cancellous

Question 19

Resorbs bone

Answer 19

osteoclast

Question 20

Bone: pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells

Answer 20

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 21

Synthesize, transport and arrange bone matrix

Answer 21

osteoblast

Question 22

Bone: derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells

Answer 22

osteoclast

Question 23

Bone: ruffled borders along its membrane to increase cell surface area

Answer 23

osteoclast

Question 24

Bone: detect mechanical forces and translate them into biological activities

Answer 24

osteocyte

Question 25

Functional unit of compact bone

Answer 25

osteon/Haversian system

Question 26

Carries blood vessels and nerves through the osteon

Answer 26

Haversian canal

Question 27

“Little layer” of bone matrix between concentric rings of osteocytes

Answer 27

lamellae

Question 28

Houses osteocytes

Answer 28

lacunae

Question 29

Houses osteoclasts

Answer 29

Howship’s lacunae

Question 30

Protoplasmic extensions from osteocytes by which maintenance of bone is performed

Answer 30

canaliculi

Question 31

Connects one Haversian canal to another

Answer 31

Volkmann’s canal

Question 32

Developing and growing bones, hard callus of bone fractures, immature/primary/bundle bone, newly calcified

Answer 32

woven bone

Question 33

Remodeled from woven bone, adult bone, mature/secondary bone

Answer 33

lamellar bone

Question 34

80% of lamellar bone, thick outer region beneath periosteum, cortical bone

Answer 34

compact bone

Question 35

20% of lamellar bone, inner region, adjacent to marrow cavities, spongy/trabecullar/medullary bone

Answer 35

cancellous bone

Question 36

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 36

mesenchyme → osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteoid

Question 37

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 37

erosion of pre-existing hyaline cartilage by osteoblasts → osteoid

Question 38

Type I collagen defect

Answer 38

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 39

Lack of GH

Answer 39

Pituitary Dwarfism

Question 40

Excess GH in adolescents

Answer 40

Gigantism

Question 41

Excess GH in adults

Answer 41

Acromegaly

Question 42

Permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist (claw-like deformity) commonly caused by a fracture in the elbow or upper arm

Answer 42

Volkmann’s Contracture

Question 43

Artery occluded in Volkmann’s Contracture

Answer 43

brachial artery

Question 44

Muscles affected in Volkmann’s Contracture

Answer 44

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

Question 45

Most common primary bone cancer

Answer 45

Osteosarcoma

Question 46

Sun-burst appearance on x-ray

Answer 46

Osteosarcoma

Question 47

Area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a new lesion raises the periosteum away from the bone

Answer 47

Codman Triangle