XR Terms Flashcards
the term “minimal displacement” on fracture refers to less than how much displacement
less than or equal to 3mm
t/f long oblique fracture is the same as spiral fracture
false
what makes a spiral fracture unique from oblique fracture?
twisting MOI
compression fracture is common in what type of bone?
cancellous bone
what is an impacted fracture?
axial force causing telescoping of one end of bone into another
what is the most common site for osteochondral defect?
medial talar dome
what general term will describe an osteochondral defect on XR imaging?
lucency
how does a lateral ankle sprain lead to OCD in the ankle?
during inversion, the medial talus hits the tibia
what portion of the knee most commonly experiences OCD?
medial femoral condyle
onion skin or codman’s triangle on XR is indicative of what general reaction?
periostitis / periosteal reaction
t/f 80% of cases of osteomyelitis will have normal XR findings for the initial 2 weeks
true
what is a Maisonneuve fracture?
proximal fibula fracture with associated ankle injury
describe the difference between BSI and insufficiency fracture
BSI - abnormal stress on normal bone
insufficiency - normal stress on abnormal bone
how do you treat an anterior tibial stress fracture?
non weightbearing / surgical referral
t/f anterior tibial cortex stress fracture is higher risk than other types of stress injuries of the tibia
true
a patient with tibia BSI has pain with ambulation. how should they initially be treated?
walking boot / crutches
once a patient with tibia BSI has no pain with ambulation, they can progress to what after crutches / boot?
pneumatic compression brace
when can a patient with tibia BSI return to running program?
when no longer TTP
if a patient has a metatarsal stress fracture, pain which typically be on what side of the foot?
dorsal
in a runner with dorsal foot pain, you see fluffy density around the metatarsal shaft. what is the most likely diagnosis?
BSI - this is a periosteal reaction
what is the typical first line management for metatarsal BSI?
crutches or post-op shoe
how long do most metatarsal BSI need to heal?
4-8 weeks
what side of the femoral neck is a stress injury higher risk?
tension side
what is the management for femoral neck stress fracture?
crutches / non weightbearing/ surgery referral
when looking at an AP radiograph of the thoracic spine, what structures can you examine together to look for rotation?
pedicles and spinous process
what is the normal amount of radial inclination on AP radiograph?
21-25 degrees
what is the measurement cutoff to diagnose ulnar variance?
> 2mm shorter or longer
on lateral view of wrist, the radius should be in line with what two carpal bones?
lunate and capitate
what is the normal amount of volar tilt on lateral wrist XR?
10-15 degrees
a change in the volar tilt on lateral wrist XR can indicate what?
fracture with angulation
XR with clenched fist can evaluate integrity of which ligament?
Scapholunate ligament
what is the measurement cutof of space between the scaphoid and lunate that is considered abnormal?
> 4mm
generally, when should you refer a distal radius fracture for surgery?
intraarticular / displaced
what is Keinbock’s disease
avascular necrosis of the lunate
on XR you see sclerosis and flattening of the lunate in someone with chronic wrist pain. what is the diagnosis?
Keinbock’s disease
what wrist XR / bony finding is a risk factor for Keinbock’s disease?
negative ulnar variance
what are the ABCDE’s of evaluating XR?
alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
distribution (of process seen)
erosion (degeneration, osteophytes, etc)
