Knee and Leg

Question 1

a patient experiences recurrent joint effusion of the knee without history of trauma. patient continues to have medial knee pain. what is the most likely cause?

Answer 1

OCD

Question 2

what is the initial treatment of OCD of the knee?

Answer 2

non weightbearing / activity modification / restriction and crutches

Question 3

where is Gerdy’s tubercle located?

Answer 3

lateral anterior tibia

Question 4

a knee dislocation poses increased risk for damage to what neurovascular structures?

Answer 4

popliteal artery and peroneal nerve

Question 5

what ligamentous structure is completely torn in a Massoneuve fracture?

Answer 5

syndesmosis

Question 6

what structures of the knee are intraarticular but extrasynovial?

Answer 6

cruciate ligaments

Question 7

articular cartilage is what type of cartilage?

Answer 7

type II

Question 8

what is the action of the popliteus muscle on the tibia?

Answer 8

internal rotation of tibia

Question 9

what are the three insertions of the ITB?

Answer 9

1. Gerdy’s tubercle
2. patella / patellar tendon
3. supracondylar tubercle

Question 10

what is the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 10

lateral femoral condyle

Question 11

what is the most superficial tendon at the pes anserine?

Answer 11

sartorius

Question 12

meniscus is mostly what type of collagen?

Answer 12

type 1 collagen

Question 13

what is the blood supply to the menisci?

Answer 13

superior and inferior medial and lateral geniculate artery

Question 14

what are the three vascular zones of the meniscus?

Answer 14

1. red zone ( peripheral)
2. red-white(middle)
3. white (most central)

Question 15

which meniscus is C shaped?

Answer 15

medial

Question 16

which meniscus is circular shaped?

Answer 16

lateral

Question 17

which meniscus has a looser attachment to surroundings?

Answer 17

lateral

Question 18

which joint space has the thickest articular cartilage in the body?

Answer 18

patellofemoral

Question 19

how is the Q angle measured?

Answer 19

ASIS to patella and patella to tibial tubercle

Question 20

which nerve root innervates tibialis anterior?

Answer 20

L4

Question 21

how do you perform the pivot shift test?

Answer 21

internal rotation, valgus stress to proximal tibia and flex the knee

Question 22

palpable reduction in the pivot shift test will occur when the knee reaches what degrees of flexion?

Answer 22

20-40

Question 23

what three muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower extremity?

Answer 23

tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL

Question 24

what two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower extremity?

Answer 24

peroneus longus / brevis

Question 25

what 4 muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the lower extremity?

Answer 25

FHL, FDL, tibialis posterior and popliteus

Question 26

what three muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower extremity?

Answer 26

soleus, gastrocnemius and plantaris

Question 27

where does tibialis anterior originate?

Answer 27

Gerdy’s tubercle

Question 28

where does tibialis anterior insert?

Answer 28

medial cuneiform and 1st MT base

Question 29

what are the two insertions of the peroneus longus?

Answer 29

medial cuneiform and 1st MT base

Question 30

the peroneus longus and brevis are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 30

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 31

the fabella of the knee is located in the head of what muscle?

Answer 31

lateral gastrocnemius

Question 32

what are the three insertions of the posterior tibialis?

Answer 32

all metatarsal bases, cuneiforms and plantar navicular

Question 33

what are the two actions of the posterior tibialis?

Answer 33

plantar flexion and inversion

Question 34

dysfunction of what muscle / tendon can cause pes planus?

Answer 34

posterior tibialis

Question 35

sensory innervation to the medial lower leg is supplied by what nerve?

Answer 35

saphenous nerve

Question 36

the tibial nerve is in what compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 36

deep posterior compartment

Question 38

what compartment does the superficial and deep peroneal nerve run within, respectively?

Answer 38

superficial - lateral
deep - anterior

Question 39

the sural nerve arises from which two nerves?

Answer 39

medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves

Question 40

which nerve provides sensation to the lateral foot?

Answer 40

lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve branch of the sural nerve

Question 41

the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve providing sensation to the dorsum of the foot arises from which nerve?

Answer 41

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 42

what is the term for overloading the lateral facet of the patella during knee flexion?

Answer 42

lateral patellar compression syndrome

Question 43

What is Pelligrini-Steida?

Answer 43

calcified MCL

Question 44

what are the two initial components of conservative treatment for an MCL injury?

Answer 44

hinged knee brace and PT

Question 45

what meniscus is more prone to tear?

Answer 45

medial

Question 46

what is the most common portion of the medial meniscus to be torn?

Answer 46

posterior horn

Question 47

what is the #1 bone tumor in adolescents?

Answer 47

osteosarcoma

Question 48

genu valgum is normal at what ages?

Answer 48

2-5 yo

Question 49

genu varum is normal at what ages?

Answer 49

0-2 yo

Question 50

what is the most common cause of pediatric intoeing?

Answer 50

internal tibial torsion

Question 51

a parameniscal cyst is likely to be shown best on what weighted version of MRI?

Answer 51

T2 weighted (emphasizes water content)

Question 52

t/f 95% of parameniscal cysts are associated with meniscal tear

Answer 52

true

Question 53

t/f recurrence rates are higher with non surgical management of parameniscal cyst compared to surgical intervention

Answer 53

true