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Sports Medicine > Knee and Leg > Flashcards

Knee and Leg Flashcards

1
Q

a patient experiences recurrent joint effusion of the knee without history of trauma. patient continues to have medial knee pain. what is the most likely cause?

A

OCD

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2
Q

what is the initial treatment of OCD of the knee?

A

non weightbearing / activity modification / restriction and crutches

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3
Q

where is Gerdy’s tubercle located?

A

lateral anterior tibia

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4
Q

a knee dislocation poses increased risk for damage to what neurovascular structures?

A

popliteal artery and peroneal nerve

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5
Q

what ligamentous structure is completely torn in a Massoneuve fracture?

A

syndesmosis

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6
Q

what structures of the knee are intraarticular but extrasynovial?

A

cruciate ligaments

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7
Q

articular cartilage is what type of cartilage?

A

type II

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8
Q

what is the action of the popliteus muscle on the tibia?

A

internal rotation of tibia

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9
Q

what are the three insertions of the ITB?

A
  1. Gerdy’s tubercle
  2. patella / patellar tendon
  3. supracondylar tubercle
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10
Q

what is the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

A

lateral femoral condyle

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11
Q

what is the most superficial tendon at the pes anserine?

A

sartorius

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12
Q

meniscus is mostly what type of collagen?

A

type 1 collagen

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13
Q

what is the blood supply to the menisci?

A

superior and inferior medial and lateral geniculate artery

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14
Q

what are the three vascular zones of the meniscus?

A
  1. red zone ( peripheral)
  2. red-white(middle)
  3. white (most central)
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15
Q

which meniscus is C shaped?

A

medial

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16
Q

which meniscus is circular shaped?

A

lateral

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17
Q

which meniscus has a looser attachment to surroundings?

A

lateral

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18
Q

which joint space has the thickest articular cartilage in the body?

A

patellofemoral

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19
Q

how is the Q angle measured?

A

ASIS to patella and patella to tibial tubercle

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20
Q

which nerve root innervates tibialis anterior?

A

L4

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21
Q

how do you perform the pivot shift test?

A

internal rotation, valgus stress to proximal tibia and flex the knee

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22
Q

palpable reduction in the pivot shift test will occur when the knee reaches what degrees of flexion?

23
Q

what three muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower extremity?

A

tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL

24
Q

what two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower extremity?

A

peroneus longus / brevis

25
Q

what 4 muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the lower extremity?

A

FHL, FDL, tibialis posterior and popliteus

26
Q

what three muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower extremity?

A

soleus, gastrocnemius and plantaris

27
Q

where does tibialis anterior originate?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

28
Q

where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

medial cuneiform and 1st MT base

29
Q

what are the two insertions of the peroneus longus?

A

medial cuneiform and 1st MT base

30
Q

the peroneus longus and brevis are innervated by what nerve?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

31
Q

the fabella of the knee is located in the head of what muscle?

A

lateral gastrocnemius

32
Q

what are the three insertions of the posterior tibialis?

A

all metatarsal bases, cuneiforms and plantar navicular

33
Q

what are the two actions of the posterior tibialis?

A

plantar flexion and inversion

34
Q

dysfunction of what muscle / tendon can cause pes planus?

A

posterior tibialis

35
Q

sensory innervation to the medial lower leg is supplied by what nerve?

A

saphenous nerve

36
Q

the tibial nerve is in what compartment of the lower leg?

A

deep posterior compartment

38
Q

what compartment does the superficial and deep peroneal nerve run within, respectively?

A

superficial - lateral
deep - anterior

39
Q

the sural nerve arises from which two nerves?

A

medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves

40
Q

which nerve provides sensation to the lateral foot?

A

lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve branch of the sural nerve

41
Q

the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve providing sensation to the dorsum of the foot arises from which nerve?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

42
Q

what is the term for overloading the lateral facet of the patella during knee flexion?

A

lateral patellar compression syndrome

43
Q

What is Pelligrini-Steida?

A

calcified MCL

44
Q

what are the two initial components of conservative treatment for an MCL injury?

A

hinged knee brace and PT

45
Q

what meniscus is more prone to tear?

46
Q

what is the most common portion of the medial meniscus to be torn?

A

posterior horn

47
Q

what is the #1 bone tumor in adolescents?

A

osteosarcoma

48
Q

genu valgum is normal at what ages?

49
Q

genu varum is normal at what ages?

50
Q

what is the most common cause of pediatric intoeing?

A

internal tibial torsion

51
Q

a parameniscal cyst is likely to be shown best on what weighted version of MRI?

A

T2 weighted (emphasizes water content)

52
Q

t/f 95% of parameniscal cysts are associated with meniscal tear

53
Q

t/f recurrence rates are higher with non surgical management of parameniscal cyst compared to surgical intervention

Sports Medicine (23 decks)

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