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Sports Medicine > Foot / Ankle > Flashcards

Foot / Ankle Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

a patient with remote history of lateral ankle sprain continues to have medial ankle pain long after the initial injury. what etiology are you concerned about?

A

OCD

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2
Q

what is the MOI of a high ankle sprain?

A

eversion

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3
Q

what is the weightbearing portion of the distal tibia?

A

tibial plafond

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4
Q

what is the most anterior portion of the talus?

A

head

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5
Q

what are the two main articulations which comprise the transverse tarsal joint?

A

calcaneocuboid and talonavicular

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6
Q

why does the talus have risk of AVN?

A

retrograde blood supply from the neck

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7
Q

what is os trigonum?

A

unfused lateral tubercle of the talus

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8
Q

the talar head is supported by what ligament?

A

spring ligament

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9
Q

what is Kohler’s disease?

A

osteonecrosis of the navicular

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10
Q

t/f tibialis anterior and posterior insert on the medial cuneiform

A

true

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11
Q

what tendon runs between the medial and lateral tubercles on the posterior talus?

A

FHL

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12
Q

which bone is the sustenaculum talus a part of?

A

calcaneus

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13
Q

what is a normal syndesmosis width ?

A

< 6mm

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14
Q

what is a normal medial clear space width?

A

< 4mm

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15
Q

what are the Weber ankle fracture classifications?

A

A - distal to plafond
B - at the level of the plafond
C - proximal to plafond

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16
Q

what is the bohler angle of the ankle?

A

angle between the superior aspect of the calcanueus and the overlying talus

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17
Q

t/f the bohler angle is usually reduced in a calcaneus fracture

A

true

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18
Q

what is the normal bohler angle?

A

25-40 degrees

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19
Q

most talus fractures occur in what portion of the bone?

A

neck

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20
Q

in a talus fracture, you should look for displacement at what two joints?

A

subtalar and tibiotalar joints

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21
Q

what is the fleck sign in regards to a tarsometatarsal joint injury?

A

avulsion of the lisfranc ligament from the 2nd MT base

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22
Q

on XR, what degree / measurement of widening between the 2nd MT base and cuneiform will be indicative of Lisfranc injury?

A

> 2mm

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23
Q

what is the typical treatment for non displaced Lisfranc injury?

A

8 weeks, non weightbearing cast

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24
Q

if a lisfranc injury has > 2mm widening, what is the treatment?

A

surgery

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25
Q

what is a zone 1 5th MT fracture?

A

avulsion

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26
Q

what is a zone 2 5th MT fracture?

A

metadiaphyseal junction fracture

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27
Q

what is a zone 3 5th MT fracture?

A

proximal diaphysis fracture

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28
Q

what is the general treatment for a non displaced 5th MT fracture zone 1?

A

hard shoe

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29
Q

what is the general treatment for zone 2/3 5th MT fracture?

A

ortho referral

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30
Q

what are the two general principles of conservative treatment for a stable, non displaced phalangeal fracture of the foot?

A

hard shoe / buddy tape

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31
Q

what is the general treatment for intraarticular hallux fracture?

A

surgery referral

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32
Q

the AITFL is injured in what type of Weber ankle injury?

A

type C

33
Q

What is a Tilaux fracture / fragment?

A

avulsion injury of the AITFL

34
Q

t/f if the ankle syndesmosis is torn, then the mortise is disrupted

A

true

35
Q

what are the peroneal retinaculums?

A

superior and inferior

36
Q

tendon or ligament will generally appear how on MRI

A

black / dark

37
Q

the Lisfranc ligament connects what two structures?

A

2nd MT base to the medial cuneiform

38
Q

what is another name for the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament?

A

spring ligament

39
Q

what portion of the calcaneus does the spring ligament attach to?

A

sustenaculum tali

40
Q

what joint complex makes up the transverse arch of the foot?

A

tarsometatarsal joint

41
Q

what is the keystone of the tarsometatarsal joint?

A

2nd MT base

42
Q

Avulsion of the lisfranc ligament will result in what radiographic sign?

A

fleck sign

43
Q

t/f fibularis longus attaches to the medial cuneiform

A

true

44
Q

in a turf toe injury, hyperextension results in avulsion injury of the plantar plate resulting in avulsion of the ligament from which structure?

A

Metatarsal

45
Q

what are the four anterior ankle tendons?

A

tibialis anterior, EHL, EDL, fibularis tertius

46
Q

which sensory nerve is posterior to lateral malleolus?

A

sural nerve

47
Q

which sensory nerve is superior to the medial malleolus?

A

saphenous nerve

48
Q

what is the normal extension and flexion of the ankle ROM?

A

25 degrees dorsiflexion and 50 degrees plantarflexion

49
Q

what is the normal amount of flex/extend ROM of the hallux at the MTPJ?

A

75 degrees in both extension and flexion

50
Q

what peripheral nerve is responsible for foot eversion?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

51
Q

what nerve supplies sensation to the lateral and medial foot, respectively?

A

lateral - sural
medial - saphenous

52
Q

what are the three bands that make up the plantar fascia?

A

central, lateral, and medial

53
Q

which muscles adduct the toes?

A

plantar interossei

54
Q

which muscles abduct the toes?

A

dorsal interossei

55
Q

the dorsal and plantar interossei are innervated by what nerve?

A

lateral plantar nerve

56
Q

which nerve runs between the tibialis anterior and EHL tendon?

A

deep peroneal nerve

57
Q

the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot is a continuation of which nerve?

A

sural nerve

58
Q

what are the functions of the medial and lateral branches of the deep peroneal nerve, respectively?

A

medial - sensory
lateral - motor

59
Q

what nerves give rise to the medial sural cutaneous and lateral sural cutaneous nerve, respectively?

A

medial - tibial nerve
lateral- peroneal nerve

60
Q

which artery gives rise to the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

anterior tibial artery

61
Q

what is the diagnosis for end stage diabetic foot, consisting of osteopenia, fractures, callus, and joint destruction?

A

Charcot neuroarthropathy

62
Q

what is the term for hyperkeratosis of skin due to excess pressure on bones?

A

corn

63
Q

what are the two oral medication treatment options for acute gout?

A

nsaid/colchicine

64
Q

what is the etiology of hallux rigidus?

A

DJD of the MTP joint

65
Q

what two findings are you most likely to see on XR of a foot with hallux rigidus?

A

dorsal osteophyte at the joint space and OA

66
Q

claw toes are associated with what underlying disease?

A

neurologic disease

67
Q

what is the #1 cause of metatarsalgia?

A

callus

68
Q

what focal site is the most common area affected by metatarsalgia?

A

2nd MT

69
Q

what tendon is the major supporting structure of the midfoot arch due to its attachment to the navicular and al midtarsal bones?

A

tibialis posterior

70
Q

Morton’s neuroma most commonly affects which space?

A

between 2nd/3rd MT

71
Q

the single heel raise and too many toes sign are testing for function of what structure?

A

posterior tibialis

72
Q

what is Haglund’s disease?

A

retrocalcaneal bursitis

73
Q

generally, what are the two major causes of “runner’s foot?”

A

medial or lateral plantar nerve entrapment or stress injury

74
Q

in the treatment of turf toe, what type of foot orthosis is needed?

A

blocking dorsiflexion

75
Q

what is the #1 pediatric foot disorder?

A

metatarsus adductus

76
Q

what are the three types of tarsal coalition?

A

bony, fibrous, and cartilaginous

77
Q

A patient sustains 5th MT base fracture, non displaced, zone 2. If choosing conservative management at what two time periods should X-ray be repeated to look for healing?

A

1 week and 4-6 weeks

78
Q

A patient sustains zone 2 fifth MT fracture , non displaced. If choosing conservative management how long should immobilization with boot last?

A

6-8 weeks

79
Q

A patient sustains zone 2 fifth MT fracture , non displaced. If choosing conservative management how long should immobilization with boot last?

A

6-8 weeks

Sports Medicine (9 decks)

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