T Spine / L spine

Question 1

what nerve root is responsible for innervation of the iliopsoas?

Answer 1

L1/L2

Question 2

what nerve roots are responsible for quad strength?

Answer 2

L3 / L4

Question 3

what nerve roots innervate the tibialis anterior?

Answer 3

L4/L5

Question 4

what nerve root innervates the extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 4

L5

Question 5

t/f the Jackson one legged standing hyperextension test can indicate spondylolysis, facet joint pain or SI joint dysfunction if painful

Answer 5

true

Question 6

spasticity, weakness, clonus, and positive Babinski are what type of neuron signs?

Answer 6

upper motor neuron signs

Question 7

in slipped apophyseal ring , if the disc herniates anteriorly into the vertebral body, what can develop?

Answer 7

Schmorl node

Question 8

what injury is characterized by posterior fracture of the ring apophysis with protrusion of bone rim and disc into the canal?

Answer 8

slipped apophyseal ring

Question 9

t/f slipped apophyseal ring occurs in the skeletally immature

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what is the typical MOI of annular tear?

Answer 10

rotational stress

Question 11

in what decades of life are herniated nucleus pulposus most common?

Answer 11

3rd / 4th

Question 12

what is the treatment for annular fissure?

Answer 12

nsaids/ medrol dose pak/spine stabilization PT

Question 13

in the process of nucleus pulposus herniation, what is a central restraint/structure?

Answer 13

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 14

what are the cardinal movements of the spine that are the most common MOI of disc herniation?

Answer 14

flexion and rotation

Question 15

neurosurgery could be considered for herniated disc if no improvement with conservative care after how many weeks?

Answer 15

8-12 weeks

Question 16

flaccid muscles, weakness, numbness and hyporeflexia are considered signs of what type of neuron injury?

Answer 16

lower motor neuron

Question 17

what are the two major categories of spinal stenosis?

Answer 17

central and foraminal

Question 18

acquired congenital stenosis is typically due to short nature of what portion of the vertebrae?

Answer 18

pedicle

Question 19

what is the typical MOI for spondylolysis?

Answer 19

repeated extension and hyperextension maneuvers

Question 20

for an acute stress injury of the pars interarticularis, for how long should activities be limited?

Answer 20

4-8 weeks

Question 21

what type of brace may be indicated for acute pars interarticularis stress injuries or spondylolysis?

Answer 21

Boston orthosis

Question 22

there are five categories of spondylolistheis. what is the most common type in young athletes?

Answer 22

isthmic (defect in the pars)

Question 23

how many grades of spondylolisthesis are there?

Answer 23

five

Question 24

each grade of spondylolisthesis accounts for what additional degree of slippage?

Answer 24

25%

Question 25

if a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis occurs before the age of 10, then what type of monitoring is needed due to risk of progression?

Answer 25

yearly radiograph

Question 26

what is the treatment for most cases of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 26

conservative care including spine stabilization exercises

Question 27

what type of cartilage lines the facet joint?

Answer 27

hyaline cartilage

Question 28

what are the two primary treatments for facet joint pain?

Answer 28

nsaids and facet injections

Question 29

return to sport in facet syndrome and SI joint dysfunction is only limited by what?

Answer 29

pain

Question 30

the supine to long sitting test where there is leg discrepancy between sitting and lying is positive in what condition?

Answer 30

SI joint dysfunction

Question 31

what is the name for the condition is characterized by fixed rigid thoracic kyphotic deformity with or without pain?

Answer 31

Scheuermann disease

Question 32

how is scoliosis defined?

Answer 32

lateral curvature of more than 10 degrees

Question 33

for scoliosis curvature less than 20 degrees, how often should skeletally immature patients be monitored with XR?

Answer 33

every 4-6 months

Question 34

when would bracing be considered for scoliosis?

Answer 34

curve greater than or equal to 25 degrees or if progressing over time

Question 35

what 3 blood tests should be considered if suspicion for disc space infection or osteomyelitis?

Answer 35

CBC, SED, and blood culture