Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

► Biology (NEET) > XII: Chapter 5- Principles of inheritance and variations > Flashcards

XII: Chapter 5- Principles of inheritance and variations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When did Mendel conduct his experiment on peas?

A

1856 to 1863 ( 7 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many true breeding pea plant varieties did Mendel select?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the units of inheritance?

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the I gene in ABO blood groups control?

A

The kind of sugar on the surface of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Morgan crossed yellow bodied, white eyed male fruit flies with brown bodied, red eyed female fruit flies to get F1 generation. True/false?

A

False.
Morgan crossed yellow bodied, white eyed female fruit flies with brown bodied, red eyed male fruit flies to get F1 generation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percent of the offspring obtained in F2 generation were recombinants when yellow bodied, white eyed female fruit flies with brown bodied, red eyed male fruit flies were crossed?

A

1.3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percent of the offsprings obtained in F2 generation were recombinants when white and miniature wings were taken as characters in fruit flies?

A

37.2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phenylketonuria is caused by the mutation of which gene?

A

It is caused by mutation in gene that codes for enzyme phenyl alanine hydroxylase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who discovered X chromosome?

A

Henking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many chromosomes does a female honeybee have?

A

32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of disorder is cystic fibrosis-Mendelian disorder or chromosomal disorder?

A

Mendelian disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is myotonic dystrophy dominant or recessive? Is it sex linked?

A

Autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In colour blindness, defect is caused in

A

red or green cones of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is sickle cell anaemia caused?

A

Substitution of glutamic acid by valine at the six position of the bets globulin chain of haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is phenylketonuria sex linked?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens due to the absence of phenyl alanine hydroxylase in phenyl ketonuria patient?

A

Phenylalanine is not converted into tyrosine, so phenylalanine is accumulated and converted to phenylpyruvic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes thalassemia?

A

Mutation or deletion in gene which causes reduced rate of formation of α or β globin chains of haemoglobin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

α- Thalassemia is controlled by which genes?

A

Two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

α- Thalassemia can occur only because of mutation in one gene. True/false?

A

α- Thalassemia can occur because of mutation or deletion in one or more of the four genes (the genes being two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

β- Thalassemia is controlled by which genes?

A

Single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Down’s syndrome is caused due to

A

Trisomy of chromosome 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who coined the term genetics?

A

Bateson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the chemical basis of heredity?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the physical basis of heredity?

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who is called the father of modern genetics?

A

Bateson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who is called the father of experimental genetics?

A

Morgan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In the experiment conducted by August Weisman, the tails of mice were cut for how many generations?

A

21 generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The gene for flower colour in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The gene for seed colour in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The gene for plant height in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The gene for flower position in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The gene for pod shape in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The gene for pod colour in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The gene for seed shape in pea is located on which chromosome?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which law would have Mendel discovered he had known that the 7 chosen characters in pea were present on 4 chromosomes?

A

Linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who formulated Mendel’s generalisations into laws of inheritance?

A

Carl Correns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How many postulates were given by Mendel?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is hemizygous condition?

A

Haploid condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

If there are n heterozygous allelic pair, then what will be the number of gametes?

A

2^n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which of the Mendel’s laws has no exceptions?

A

Law of segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 is the ratio of which property of a dihybrid cross?

A

Genotypic ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Mendel’s first law is

A

Law of segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Mendel’s second law is

A

Law of independent assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio of a trihybrid cross?

A

27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the cross in which sexes of parents are reversed as compared to other cross called?

A

Reciprocal cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the cross in which a hybrid is crossed with its parent called?

A

Back cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Crossing a hybrid with its dominant parent is called

A

Out cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the relation between genotypic and phenotypic ratios in a test cross?

A

Genotypic and phenotypic ratios are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Who discovered incomplete dominance?

A

Carl Correns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What deviation from Mendelian crosses is observed in the flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa?

A

Incomplete dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What deviation from Mendelian crosses is observed in the plumage colour of Andulasian fowl?

A

Incomplete dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What deviation from Mendelian crosses is observed in the coat colour of short horned cattle?

A

Co-dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio in coat colour of short horned cattle?

A

1:2:1 in both (polygenic inheritance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the relation between genotypic and phenotypic ratios in codominance?

A

Genotypic and phenotypic ratios are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is lethality as observed in coat colour of german mice?

A

Homozygous dominant mice (golden coat colour)die

56
Q

What is the relation between genotypic and phenotypic ratios in lethality?

A

Genotypic and phenotypic ratios are the same

57
Q

Which medication is provided to mother to prevent erythroblastalis foetalis?

A

Rhogam

58
Q

When is the first dose of rhogam provided to mother?

A

6th month

59
Q

When is the second dose of rhogam (first booster) provided to mother?

A

7th month

60
Q

When is the third dose of rhogam (second booster) provided to mother?

A

8th month

61
Q

When is the fourth dose of rhogam (third booster) provided to mother?

A

72 hours after pregnancy

62
Q

What is qualitative inheritance?

A

Monogenic inheritance- single dominant allel determines complete character

63
Q

What is quantitative inheritance?

A

Polygenic inheritance

64
Q

What deviation from Mendelian crosses do height and intelligence show in humans?

A

Polygenic inheritance

65
Q

What deviation from Mendelian crosses does flower colour in sweet pea show?

A

Complimentary genes

66
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio in F2 generation under the effect of complementary genes in sweet pea?

A

9:7 (purple is C and P allele are present in genotype or else white)

67
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio in F2 generation under the effect of supplementary genes?

A

9:3:4

68
Q

What is the phenomenon of masking the expression of a gene by another non-allelic gene called?

A

Epistasis

69
Q

What is the gene which suppresses the other gene in epistasis called?

A

Epistatic gene

70
Q

What is the gene which is suppressed by the other gene in epistasis called?

A

Hypostatic gene

71
Q

What is dominant epistasis?

A

Dominant gene at one locus suppresses dominant gene at other locus.

72
Q

What is recessive epitstasis?

A

Recessive gene suppresses the dominant gene at other locus

73
Q

Fruit colour in summer squash is the example of which type of deviation from mendelian laws? What is its phenotypic ratio?

A

Dominant epistasis

12:3:1

74
Q

Coat colour in mice can be the example of which type of epistasis? What is its phenotypic ratio?

A

Recessive epistasis

9:3:4

75
Q

Secondary constriction 1 is found in which chromosomes?

A

Chromosome number 1, 13, 14, 21, 22, Y

76
Q

Secondary constriction 2 is found in which chromosomes?

A

Chromosome number 1, 10, 13, 16 and Y

77
Q

Allosomes are also known as

A

Sex chromosomes

78
Q

Idiochromosomes are also known as

A

Sex chromosomes

79
Q

What is the representation of chromosomes of a cell arranged in decreasing order of size called?

A

Idiogram

80
Q

What does honey contain?

A

Nectar + secretions of sub-maxillary glands of honey bee

81
Q

What is value of X/A in meta female fruit flies?

A

> 1

82
Q

What is value of X/A in female fruit flies?

A

1

83
Q

What is value of X/A in intersex fruit flies?

A

1/2 < X/A <1

84
Q

What is value of X/A in male fruit flies?

A

1/2

85
Q

What is value of X/A in meta male fruit flies?

A

<1/2

86
Q

Who gave the term mutation?

A

Hugo deVries

87
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is albinism?

A

Autosomal recessive

88
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is tay-sachs disease?

A

Autosomal recessive

89
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is Alkaptonuria?

A

Autosomal recessive

90
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is polydactyly?

A

Autosomal dominant

91
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is brachydactyly?

A

Autosomal dominant

92
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is Huntington’s chorea?

A

Autosomal dominant

93
Q

What kind of genetic mutation is responsible for being able to tast PCT?

A

Autosomal dominant

94
Q

Is congenital night blindness autosomal or sex linked?

A

Sex linked

95
Q

What is meant by chromosomal abberration?

A

Change in number or arrangement of genes of chromosome

96
Q

What is the ploidy of wheat?

A

6n

97
Q

What is hypoploidy?

A

The number of chromosomes decreases in an organism

98
Q

What is the chromosomal number in nullisomy?

A

2n-2

99
Q

What is the difference between double monosomy and nullisomy?

A

Nullisomy- two chromosomes of same type are deleted

Double monosomy- two chromosomes of different types are deleted (2n-a-b)

100
Q

What is mixed aneuploidy?

A

2n-a+b (one chromosome deleted, one chromosome added)

101
Q

Palmar crease is the symptom of which disease?

A

Down’s syndrome

102
Q

Edward’s syndrome is caused due to

A

Trisomy of chromosome 18

103
Q

Horse shoe shaped kidney is a symptom of

A

Edward’s syndrome

104
Q

Patau’s syndrome occurs due to

A

Trisomy of chromosome 13

105
Q

Cry-du-chat syndrome is caused due to

A

Deletion of shorter arm of chromosome 5

106
Q

Moon like face and receding chin are symptoms of

A

Cry-du-chat syndrome

107
Q

What is the sex of a person with Klinefelter’s syndrome?

A

Male

108
Q

What is genetic compliment of Jacob’s syndrome?

A

44+ XYY

109
Q

What is known as black urine disease?

A

Alkaptonuria

110
Q

The gene for phenyl ketonuria is located on

A

Chromosome 12

111
Q

Mutated gene in albinism is present on which chromsome?

A

Long arm of chr-11 or chr-15

112
Q

Tay-sachs disease is caused due to the accumulation of

A

Sphingolipids

113
Q

Gaucher’s disease is caused due to the accumulation of

A

Cerebroside

114
Q

Which disease is known as Cooley’s anaemia?

A

Thalassemia

115
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutation in a gene present on chromosome

A

7

116
Q

What is achondroplasia?

A

Dwarfism

117
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Presence of extra fingers

118
Q

THe mutated gene in Huntington’s chorea is located on

A

CHromosome 4

119
Q

Haemophilia A is caused due to absence of which clotting factor in body?

A

Factor VIII- Anti-haemophilic factor A

120
Q

Haemophilia B is caused due to the absence of which clotting factor in body?

A

Factor IX

121
Q

What is red colour blindness called?

A

Protanopia

122
Q

What is green colour blindness callled?

A

Deuteranopia

123
Q

What is blue colour blindness called?

A

Triatonopia

124
Q

What is non criss cross inheritance?

A

Transfer of traits through members of same sex

125
Q

What is criss cross inheritance?

A

Transfer of traits through members of opposite sex

126
Q

What is holandric inheritance?

A

Only males are affected

127
Q

Cytoplasmic inheritance can occur through

A

Mitochondria and plastids

128
Q

Inheritance of kappa particles in paramecium is an example of which type of inheritance?

A

Cytoplasmic inheritance

129
Q

Who gave the term crossing over?

A

Morgan

130
Q

What is frequency of recombination?

A

Number of recombinants
————————————- X 100
total number of offsprings

131
Q

What can be the maximum value of recombinant frequency?

A

50%

132
Q

What is a linkage group?

A

The set of all genes on a chromosome

133
Q

What is the ploidy of a genome?

A

n (haploid set of chromosomes)

134
Q

What is autopolyploidy?

A

Increase in genomic number of same genome

135
Q

What is allopolyploidy?

A

Hybridisation between two species followed by doubling of chromosomes

136
Q

What are gynandromorphs?

A

Half the body of organism is male and half female

137
Q

What is a free martin?

A

Infertile female cattle with masculinized behaviour which originates by acquiring male component in uterus through male twin

► Biology (NEET) (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions