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► Biology (NEET) > XI: Chapter 6- Anatomy of flowering plants > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 6- Anatomy of flowering plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is the father of plant anatomy?

A

N. Grew

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2
Q

What is epiblema?

A

Epidermis in root

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3
Q

How many layers are present in plant epidermis?

A

Single layered

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4
Q

What type of cells are present in epidermis of plant?

A

Parenchymatous cells

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5
Q

Cuticle is absent in the epidermis of which plant part?

A

Root

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6
Q

What is the difference between gaurd cells of monocots and dicots?

A

Dicot- bean shaped

Monocot- dumbbell shaped

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7
Q

Describe the cell wall of gaurd cell.

A

Inner walls of gaurd cell are thick while the outer walls are thin.

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8
Q

Piliferous layer is found in which part of a plant?

A

Root

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9
Q

How many cells does a plant root hair have?

A

Unicellular

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10
Q

How many cells does a trichome have?

A

Multicellular

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11
Q

How many cells are present in scales of plant epidermis?

A

Multicellular

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12
Q

What are fuzzy fibres of cotton made of?

A

Aerial hair (epidermal appendage)

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13
Q

What are stinging hair in plants?

A

Hollow with siliceous tip, contain poison

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14
Q

Which tissue system forms the major part of any plant system?

A

Cortex

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15
Q

Which layer in plant tissue system acts as a heat screen?

A

Hypodermis

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16
Q

How many layers are present in hypodermis of dicots?

A

3-4

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17
Q

How many layers are present in hypodermis of monocots?

A

2-3

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18
Q

Which cells are present in plant cortex?

A

Parenchymatous cells

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19
Q

What is the main function of cortex of plants?

A

Storage of food

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20
Q

Which layer is called biological checkpost in plants?

A

Root endodermis

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21
Q

How many layers thick is endodermis of plant tissues?

A

Single layered

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22
Q

Which layer in tissue system of stem is called starch sheath?

A

Endodermis

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23
Q

Where do lateral branches arise from in roots?

A

Pericycle

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24
Q

Pith/medulla is absent in

A

Monocot stem

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25
Q

Radial vascular bundles are present in

A

Roots

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26
Q

Conjoint vascular bundles are present in

A

Stems and leaves

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27
Q

What do you mean by bicollateral vascular bundle?

A

Xylem is surrounded by phloem on both sides.

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28
Q

Give an example of a plant having bicollateral vascular bundles.

A

Stem of cucrbitaceae

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29
Q

What is meant by hadrocentric vascular bundles?

A

Xylem and phloem are concentrically present, xylem being surrounded by phloem

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30
Q

What is meant by amphicribal vascular bundle?

A

Xylem and phloem are concentrically present, xylem being surrounded by phloem

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31
Q

What is meant by leptocentric vascular bundles?

A

Xylem and phloem are present concentrically, phloem being surrounded by xylem.

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32
Q

What is meant by amphivasal vascular bundle?

A

Xylem and phloem are present concentrically, phloem being surrounded by xylem.

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33
Q

What kind of vascular bundles do stems of gymnosperms have?

A

Conjoint open vascular bundles

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34
Q

What produces meristematic tissue (plants)?

A

Promeristem of the embryo

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35
Q

What is the shape of vegetative shoot meristem?

A

Conical/dome shaped

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36
Q

Who gave the tunica-corpus theory?

A

Schmidt

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37
Q

According to tunica corpus theory, how many layers are present in the tunica?

A

Single layered

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38
Q

According to the tunica corpus theory, what does the tunica form?

A

Tunica gives rise to protoderm which gives rise to epidermis.

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39
Q

A/t the tunica corpus theory, how do the tunica cells divide”?

A

Anticlinally

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40
Q

According to tunica corpus theory, how many layers are present in the corpus?

A

Many layers

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41
Q

According to tunica corpus theory, how do the corpus cells divide?

A

Periclinally

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42
Q

According to tunica corpus theory, what does the corpus form?

A

Ground tissue and procambium

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43
Q

Who gave the histogen theory?

A

Hanstien

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44
Q

How many types of tissues form the vegetative shoot apex?

A

Three- dermatogen, pleurone and periblem

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45
Q

What does the dermatogen form in plants?

A

Epidermis

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46
Q

What does the periblem form in plants?

A

Hypodermis, cortex and endodermis

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47
Q

What does the pleurone form in plants?

A

Vascular bundles, pith, pith rays

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48
Q

What are the intercalary meristems derived from?

A

Apical meristem

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49
Q

Which tissue help fallen stems of plants to become erect?

A

Intercalary meristem

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50
Q

What is the fate of intercalary meristem?

A

Gets fully used up in the formation of permanent tissue.

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51
Q

Which is the most abundant simple permanent tissue?

A

Parenchyma

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52
Q

Does parenchymatous tissue have intercellular spaces?

A

Yes

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53
Q

What is the cell wall of parenchymatous cell made of?

A

Cellulose

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54
Q

Do parencymatous cells have thin cell wall or thick?

A

Thin

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55
Q

What are prosenchyma?

A

Fibre like parenchymatous cells

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56
Q

What is the function of idioblast cells in plants?

A

Possess inclusion bodies having tannins, oils, crystals

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57
Q

What do the cell walls of collenchymatous cells possess?

A

Cellulose with thickening made of hemicellulose and pectin

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58
Q

Are intercellular spaces present in collenchyma?

A

No

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59
Q

Which cells form the living mechanical tissue is plants?

A

Collenchymatous cells

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60
Q

Can collenchymatous cells perform photosynthesis?

A

Yes

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61
Q

Which kind of thickenings are present in collenchyma with thickenings on tangential walls of the rectangular cellls?

A

Lamellate thickenings

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62
Q

Angular thickenings are found in which plants?

A

Tomato stem

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63
Q

Lamellate thickenings are found in which plants?

A

Stem of sunflower

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64
Q

Lacunate thickenings are found in which plants?

A

Cucurbit stem

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65
Q

What are sclerenchymatous cells with thick walls and pointed ends called?

A

Fibres

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66
Q

What are sclerechymatous cells with highly thickened walls and narrow lumen called?

A

Sclereids

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67
Q

What type of sclerenchymatous cells are found in seed coat of legumes?

A

Sclereids

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68
Q

Stone cells are found in which plants?

A

Grit of apple, pear

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69
Q

Macrosclereids are found in which plant?

A

Epidermal covering of legume seeds

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70
Q

Osteosclereids are found in which plant?

A

Epidermal covering of legume seeds

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71
Q

Astroscelreids are found in which plant?

A

Tea leaves

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72
Q

Which part of a plant is called wood?

A

Xylem

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73
Q

What is the conducting part of xylem called?

A

Hadrome

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74
Q

Who gave the term hadrome?

A

Haberlandt

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75
Q

What is the length of a tracheid?

A

5 to 6 mm

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76
Q

Are tracheids living?

A

No

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77
Q

Which element forms the major part of gymnosperm xylem?

A

Tracheids

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78
Q

What is the characteristic feature of angiosperm xylem?

A

Presence of vessels

79
Q

What are xylem fibres made of ?

A

Sclerenchyma

80
Q

Which xylem element helps in radial conduction of water?

A

Ray parenchymatous cells

81
Q

Exarch condition is found in

A

Roots

82
Q

Endarch condition is found in

A

Stem

83
Q

What is also called bast in plants?

A

Phloem

84
Q

What is the conducting part of phloem called?

A

Leptome

85
Q

Do seive tube elements have cytoplasm?

A

Yes

86
Q

What are called the RBC’s of plant kingdom?

A

Seive tube elements

87
Q

Do seive tube elements ever possess a nucleus?

A

Yes. Young seive tube elements possess a nucleus.

88
Q

What type of cells are companion cells?

A

Parenchymatous cells

89
Q

How are companion cells and seive tube elements connected?

A

Through pits in their common longitudinal walls.

90
Q

Phloem parenchyma is absent in which plants?

A

Monocots

91
Q

What are jute, flax and hemp fibres?

A

Phloem fibres

92
Q

What are trichoblast cells in plants?

A

Cells which have root hair

93
Q

What happens when root hair of plants die?

A

Epiblema becomes suberised

94
Q

Barrel shaped endodermal cells are present in

A

Dicot roots

95
Q

Single layered pericycle is present in which dicot root?

A

Sunflower

96
Q

Multilayered pericycle is present in which dicot root?

A

Mulberry

97
Q

What is the shape of xylem in dicot roots?

A

Star shaped

98
Q

How many vascular bundles are present in a dicot root?

A

2 to 4

99
Q

Which monocot root has single layered pericycle?

A

Maize

100
Q

Which monocot root has multilayered pericycle?

A

Smilax

101
Q

How many vascular bundles are present in maize?

A

20 to 30

102
Q

How many vascular bundles are present in Pandanus?

A

100+

103
Q

What is the hypodermis of dicot stem made of ?

A

Collenchymatous cells

104
Q

Are intercellular spaces present in endodermis of dicots?

A

No

105
Q

What is the pericycle of dicot stem made of?

A

Sclerenchyma

106
Q

What is the characteristic feature of vascular bundles of dicot stem?

A

Vascular bundles arranged in a ring

107
Q

Does pith have intercellular spaces in dicot stem?

A

yes

108
Q

Only the lower epidermis is covered by cuticle in dicot leaf. True/False?

A

False. Both lower and upper epidermis are covered by cuticle in dicot leaves.

109
Q

Which type of mesophyll cells lack intercellular spaces in dicot leaves?

A

Pallisade parenchyma

110
Q

Which cells surround the vascular bundles in dicot leaves?

A

Bundle sheath cells

111
Q

On which surface of leaf are bulliform cells present in grasses?

A

Adaxial surface

112
Q

What forms bulliform cells?

A

Epidermal cells

113
Q

What is stele in plants?

A

Pericycle+ xylem+ phloem+ pith+ pith rays

114
Q

Which is the outermost layer of stele?

A

Pericycle

115
Q

Eustele is present in

A

Dicot root, monocot root and dicot stem

116
Q

Atactostele is present in

A

Monocot stem

117
Q

Vascular cambium is formed between

A

Secondary xylem and secondary phloem

118
Q

What is the science of estimating the age of trees called?

A

Dendrochronology

119
Q

Which is formed on the innerside in an annual ring?

A

Spring wood

120
Q

Which part of annual ring is narrower?

A

Autumn wood

121
Q

Which part of annual ring is thicker?

A

Spring wood

122
Q

Which part of annual ring is darker?

A

Autumn wood

123
Q

Which part of annual ring has lower density?

A

Spring wood

124
Q

Fibres are abundant in which part of annual ring?

A

Autumn wood

125
Q

Tracheary elements are thickened in which part of annual ring?

A

Autumn wood

126
Q

What is alburnum?

A

Sap wood

127
Q

What is duramen?

A

Heart wood

128
Q

WHat is lighter in colour: sapwood or heartwood?

A

sapwood

129
Q

Tracheary elements are plugged by tyloses in heartwood or sapwood?

A

Heartwood

130
Q

What is lighter in weight- sapwood/heartwood?

A

Sapwood

131
Q

What is soft wood?

A

Gymnosperm wood

132
Q

What is non porous wood?

A

Gymnosperm wood

133
Q

Are xylem fibres abundant in softwood or hardwood?

A

Hard wood

134
Q

What are tyloses?

A

Ingrowth of adjacent parenchymatous cells into xylem vessels.

135
Q

Heartwood is absent in which dicot?

A

Poplar and willow

136
Q

Which meristem occurs between mature tissues?

A

Intercalary meristem

137
Q

Name a cylindrical meristem.

A

Lateral meristem

138
Q

Examples of lateral meristems are

A

Fascicular and interfascicular meristem

139
Q

Which simple tissue is found in patches in plants?

A

Collenchyma

140
Q

What are the two main functions of xylem?

A

Conduction of water and minerals, providing mechanical support to plants

141
Q

The thickenings of cell walls of tracheids are even. True/false?

A

False. They vary in form.

142
Q

Tracheids are connected with each through interperforations in their walls. True/false?

A

False. Vessels are connected with each through interperforations in their walls.

143
Q

Name the lignified tracheary element with wide cavity.

A

Vessels

144
Q

Do xylem fibres have septa?

A

Xylem fibres maybe septate or aseptate.

145
Q

Which cells in xylem are living?

A

Xylem parenchyma

146
Q

In which form are food materials stored in xylem parenchyma?

A

Starch or fat

147
Q

What is meant by endarch xylem?

A

Protoxylem lies towards the centre of the pit and metaxylem towards the periphery.

148
Q

How are companion cells and seive tube elements connected?

A

Through pit fields in their common longitudinal walls.

149
Q

What is the function of companion cells?

A

The companion cells help in maintaining pressure gradients in the seive tube elements.

150
Q

What is the shape of the cells present in phloem parenchyma?

A

Elongated, tapering cylindrical cells which have dense cytoplasm and a nucleus

151
Q

What does phloem parenchyma store?

A

Food material, resin and mucilage

152
Q

What does xylem parenchyma store

A

Food material and tannins

153
Q

Phloem fibres are generally absent in primary phloem but present in secondary phloem. True/ false?

A

True

154
Q

Which type of phloem has wider seive tubes and which has narrower seive tubes?

A

Protophloem has narrow seive tubes while metaphloem has wider seive tubes.

155
Q

Stomata forms a part of which tissue system?

A

Epidermal tissue system

156
Q

What is the function of trichomes?

A

Trichomes help in preventing water loss due to transpiration.

157
Q

Are intercellular spaces present in cortex?

A

Yes

158
Q

Which walls of root endodermis has deposition of suberin?

A

Tangential and radial walls

159
Q

What type cells are present in dicot root pericycle?

A

Parenchymatous cells

160
Q

Where does the initiation of vascular cambium during secondary growth take place in dicot roots?

A

Pericycle

161
Q

What is the difference between the walls of parenchymatous cells present in cortex and pericycle of dicot root?

A

Cortex- thin walled parenchymatous cells

Pericycle- thick walled parenchymatous cells

162
Q

Which cells are present in the conjuctive tissue in plants?

A

Parenchymatous cells

163
Q

What does the epidermis of dicot stem bear?

A

Trichomes and a few stomata

164
Q

Which is the innermost layer of cortex in plants?

A

Endodermis

165
Q

How many layers is the cortex of a dicot stem divided into?

A

Three layers- hypodermis
Cortical layers
Endodermis

166
Q

What provides mechanical support to young dicot stems?

A

Hypodermis

167
Q

What type of cells are present in the cortical layers of dicot stems?

A

Rounded, thin walled parenchymatous cells with conspicuous intercellular spaces

168
Q

How is pericycle distributed in dicot stems?

A

Pericycle is present as semi lunar patches of sclerenchyma.

169
Q

Where are the medullary rays located in dicot stem?

A

Medullary rays are located between vascular bundles

170
Q

What is the hypodermis of monocot stem made of?

A

Sclerenchymatous cells

171
Q

What are the scattered vascular bundles of a monocot stem surrounded by?

A

Sclerenchymatous cells

172
Q

Which cells are present in the ground tissue of monocot stems?

A

Parenchymatous cells

173
Q

What is the difference between peripheral vascular bundles and central vascular bundles in a monocot stem?

A

Peripheral vascular bundles are smaller than central vascular bundles.

174
Q

Where are water containing cavities present in a monocot stem?

A

Inside the vascular bundles

175
Q

How are the palisade parenchyma located in a dorsiventral leaf?

A

Adaxially

176
Q

How are bulliform cells different from adaxial epidermal cells?

A

Bulliform cells are large, empty and colourless.

177
Q

Bulliform cells develop from

A

Adaxial epidermal cells

178
Q

What difference is brought about in the vascular bundles in monocot and dicot leaves because of the veination?

A

Vascular bundles in a dicot leaf vary in size because of the varying size of veins in reticulate veination.
Vascular bundles of a monocot leaf are almost similar in size (except midrib vascular bundles) because of similar sized veins in parallel veination.

179
Q

Which type of cambium is present in young dicot stems?

A

Intrafascicular cambium

180
Q

Which develops first-intrafascicular cambium or interfascicular cambium?

A

Intrafascicular cambium

181
Q

What develops into interfascicular cambium in stems?

A

Cells of medullary rays

182
Q

On which side is the cambium more active in stems?

A

Inner side

183
Q

Secondary medullary rays develop from

A

Cambium

184
Q

What type of cells are present in the phellogen?

A

Narrow, thin walled and rectangular cells

185
Q

WHat is also known as secondary cortex in plants?

A

Phelloderm

186
Q

What type of cells are present in secondary cortex?

A

Parenchymatous cells

187
Q

What forms lenticels?

A

Ruptured epidermal cells

188
Q

What does the root vascular cambium originate from?

A

Tissue located just below phloem tissue, a portion of tissue of pericycle, just above the protoxylem

189
Q

How are schizogenous cavities formed between cells?

A

By the separation of cell wall at point of contact

190
Q

How are lysogenous cavities formed between cells?

A

By dissolution of some cells

191
Q

How are schizolysogenous cavities formed between cells?

A

First start as schizogenous and later become lysogenous.

192
Q

Which are the most common type of intercellular cavities in plants?

A

Schizogenous cavities

193
Q

Dicot stems may bear trichomes and many stomata. True or false?

A

False.

Dicot stems may bear trichomes and few stomata.

194
Q

Which layer of dicot stem provides mechanical support to young stems?

A

Hypodermis (made of collenchyma )

► Biology (NEET) (39 decks)

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