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► Biology (NEET) > XII: Chapter 2- Sexual reproduction in flowering plants > Flashcards

XII: Chapter 2- Sexual reproduction in flowering plants Flashcards

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1
Q

In a flower, what is the proximal end o fthe filament attached to?

A

Thalamus or petal

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2
Q

How many wall layers surround the microsporangium of an anther? Name them.

A

4- Epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and tapetum

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3
Q

Which layers of microsporangium help in dehiscence of anther?

A

Epidermis, endothecium and middle layers

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4
Q

Which cells are also known as pollen mother cell?

A

Cells of sporogenous tissue

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5
Q

What represent the male gametophyte in angiosperms?

A

Pollen grain

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6
Q

What is the diameter of a typical pollen grain?

A

25-50 μm

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7
Q

What is the shape of generative cell of a pollen grain?

A

Spindle shaped

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8
Q

How long does the viability of pollen grains last in cereals?

A

30 minutes

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9
Q

What is the cavity of ovary called?

A

Locule

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10
Q

Where is the placenta located in a flower?

A

Inside locule

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11
Q

What are the megasporangia of flower?

A

Ovules

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12
Q

How many ovules are found per ovary in wheat?

A

One

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13
Q

What is the stalk through which the ovule in plants attaches to the placenta called?

A

Funicle

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14
Q

Which is the basal part of the ovule?

A

Chalaza

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15
Q

The female gametophyte of angiosperm is represented by

A

Embryo sac

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16
Q

Where is the megaspore mother cell present in an ovule?

A

In the micropylar region of nucellus

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17
Q

How many megaspore mother cells generally differentiate in an ovule?

A

One

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18
Q

What is meant by monosporic development?

A

Three of the four megaspores formed from megaspore mother cell in an ovule degenrate, and only one functional megaspore develops into female gametophyte. This is known as monosporic development.

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19
Q

The flowers of plants that never open are called

A

Cleistogamous flowers

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20
Q

How many plant genera show water pollination?

A

30

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21
Q

Where does the moth deposit its eggs in the Yucca plant?

A

In the locule of the ovary

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22
Q

Is castor monoecious or dioecious?

A

Monoecious

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23
Q

Pollen-pistil interaction refers to which event?

A

Events from deposition of pollen on the stigma to the entry of pollen tube into the ovule

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24
Q

At which end of the ovule does the embryo develop?

A

Micropylar end

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25
Q

Arrange the following in the order of development:

Heart-shaped embryo, proembryo, mature embryo, globular embryo

A

Proembryo
Globular embryo
Heart-shaped embryo
Mature embryo

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26
Q

Where is the root cap present in a dicot embryo?

A

Over the root tip

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27
Q

WHat is the root tip of dicot embryo called?

A

Radicle

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28
Q

What does the epicotyl of monocot embryo contain?

A

Shoot apex, leaf primordia, coleoptile

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29
Q

WHat is the fertilised ovule of plants called?

A

Seed

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30
Q

Is perisperm found in beet?

A

Yes

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31
Q

What is the percentage of moisture by mass of a dormant seed?

A

10-15%

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32
Q

The oldest recorded viable seed belongs to the plant

A

Lupinus arcticus

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33
Q

Apomixis is common in which plant family?

A

Asteraceae and families of grasses

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34
Q

What is amphimixis?

A

Sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two different gametes to form a zygote.

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35
Q

WHat is microsporophyll in angiosperms?

A

Stamen

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36
Q

Monothecous stamen is found in which family of plants?

A

Family Malvaceae

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37
Q

What do the inner walls of endothecium of microsporangium have?

A

α- cellulosic fibres

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38
Q

What do the radial walls of endothecium have?

A

Callose bands

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39
Q

How many layers are present in middle layers of microsporangium of plants?

A

1-3

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40
Q

What type of cells are present in middle layers of microsporangium of plants?

A

Parenchymatous cells

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41
Q

Which layer of microsporangium is ephemeral in nature?

A

Middle layers

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42
Q

Which wall layer is present in immature anther but not in mature anther?

A

Middle layers

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43
Q

What are the places where α- cellulosic fibres are absent in endothecium of microsporangium called?

A

Stomium

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44
Q

What is the significance of stomium?

A

These are the places where dehiscence of anther occurs

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45
Q

What is the significance of α- cellulosic fibres in endothecium of microsporangium ?

A

It makes the endothecium hygroscopic which leads to absorption of moisture and bursting of anther.

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46
Q

Which layer of microsporangium forms sporopollenin and pollen kit?

A

Tapetum

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47
Q

Which type of tapetum leads to the degeneration of middle layers because of absorption of all its food?

A

Amoeboid tapetum

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48
Q

Which type of tapetum formes proeubisch bodies?

A

Glandular tapetum

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49
Q

How are proeubisch bodies converted into eubisch bodies?

A

Proeubisch bodies are covered in sporopollenin to form eubisch bodies.

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50
Q

Where does the glandular tapetum release the eubisch bodies?

A

Inside the pollen chamber

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51
Q

Which substance attaches the microspores in a microspore tetrad together?

A

Callose

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52
Q

How does the callose layer of microspore tetrad dissolve?

A

By the callase enzyme secreted by tapetum

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53
Q

What type of microspore tetrad is found in monocots?

A

Tetrahedral

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54
Q

What type of microspore tetrad is found in most dicots?

A

Isobilateral

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55
Q

Name the different types of microspore tetrads?

A

Tetrahedral, isobilateral, decussate, t-shaped and linear

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56
Q

What is the exine of pollen grain made of?

A

Cutin and sporopollenin

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57
Q

Which layer of pollen grain forms the pollen tube?

A

Intine

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58
Q

What is the study of pollen grains called?

A

Palynology

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59
Q

What kind of development- ex-situ or in-situ is found in pollen grains?

A

In-situ development

[Pollen grains develop in pollen grains, that is in-situ]

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60
Q

What is the fertilisation in which pollen tube is formed called?

A

Siphonogamy

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61
Q

WHich plant has the longest pollen tube?

A

Maize

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62
Q

What is the pollen kit composed of?

A

Lipids and carotenoids

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63
Q

What is the colour of pollen kit?

A

Yellow

64
Q

The generative cell of pollen grain has a large nucleus. True/false?

A

False

The vegetative cell has a large nucleus while the generative cell has a small nucleus.

65
Q

Pollinium is found in which family of plants?

A

Asclepiadaceae (eg- calotropis)

66
Q

When all the pollen grains join together as in calotropis, what is the structure formed called?

A

Pollinium/translator apparatus

67
Q

Hay fever is caused by

A

Ambrosia

68
Q

Largest pollen grains belong to the plant

A

Mirabilis jalapa

69
Q

Smallest pollen grain is found in the plant

A

Myocystis

70
Q

Longest pollen grain is found in

A

Zostera

71
Q

Hilum fuses with the main body of ovule to form

A

Raphe

72
Q

What type of cells are present in nucellus of ovule?

A

Parenchymatous

73
Q

What forms funicle and integuments of ovule?

A

Chalaza

74
Q

What is the proliferation of the integumentary cells at the micropylar region in castor called?

A

Caruncle

75
Q

How many integuments are found in the ovule of Santalum?

A

Zero

76
Q

How many integuments are found in gamopetalae?

A

One

77
Q

How many integuments are found in sunflower?

A

One

78
Q

How many integuments are found in polypetalae?

A

Two

79
Q

How developed is the nucellus of gamopetalae?

A

Poorly developed (tenuninucellate)

80
Q

How developed is the nucellus of polypetalae?

A

Well developed (crassinucellate)

81
Q

How developed is the nucellus of most monocots?

A

Well developed (crassinucellate)

82
Q

In which type of ovule does the micropyle, chalaza and funicle lie in a straight line?

A

Orthotropous

83
Q

Which type of ovule is found in most gymnosperms (on the basis of orientation)?

A

Orthotropous

84
Q

Which is the most primitive type of ovule on the basis of orientation?

A

Orthotropous

85
Q

Which type of ovule is found in polygonum (on the basis of orientation)?

A

Orthotropous

86
Q

Which type of ovule rotates by an angle of 180° and bends along the funicle?

A

Anatropous

87
Q

In which type of ovule does the micropyle lie close to the hilum?

A

Anatropous

88
Q

Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in legumes?

A

Anatropous

89
Q

Which type of ovule curves more or less at a right angle?

A

Campylotropous

90
Q

Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in brassica?

A

Campylotropous

91
Q

Which type of ovule turns at a right angle along the funicle?

A

Hemianatropous

92
Q

Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in Ranunculus?

A

Hemianatropous

93
Q

In which type of ovule is the curvature of the ovule extremely pronounced and the embryo sac also becomes curved?

A

Amphitropous

94
Q

Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in Mirabilis jalapa?

A

Amphitropous

95
Q

Which type of ovule turns 360° along the funicle?

A

Circinotropous

96
Q

Which type of ovule (on the basis of orientation) is found in Euphorbia?

A

Circinotropous

97
Q

The nucellus of ovule develops from

A

Placenta

98
Q

Which is the first cell of female gametophyte?

A

Functional megaspore

99
Q

When do the polar nuclei form the secondary nucleus?

A

When the pollen tube touches the embryo sac

100
Q

Filiform apparatus is present in antipodal cells. True/false?

A

True

But it is non functional

101
Q

What type of embryo sac is found in oenothera?

A

4 celles and 4 nucleate

102
Q

What are the cells found in embryo sac of oenothera?

A

Egg apparatus and 1 polar nucleus

103
Q

What is monocliny?

A

Presence of both male and female sex organs in a flower

104
Q

What is homogamy?

A

Maturation of male and female sex organs at the same time

105
Q

Potato is dichogamous. True/false?

A

False.

Potato is homogamous.

106
Q

What is dichogamy?

A

Maturation of male and female sex organs at different times.

107
Q

What is protandry in flowers?

A

Maturation of male sex organ before female sex organ

108
Q

What is prepotency?

A

On the stigma, pollen grains of other plants (of same species) mature faster than pollen grains same plant

109
Q

What is herkogamy?

A

Mechanical device which prevents self pollination

110
Q

What is heterostyly?

A

Vast difference between length of style of carpel and filament of anther.

111
Q

What is pollination by bats called?

A

Chireptoerophily

112
Q

What is pollination by snakes called?

A

Ophiophily

113
Q

What type of pollination if found in Cannabis?

A

Anemophily

114
Q

What type of pollination is found in potamogeton?

A

Anemophily

115
Q

What type of pollination is found in coconut and dates?

A

Anemophily

116
Q

What type of pollination is found in bamboo and sugarcane?

A

Anemophily

117
Q

Is anemophily a directional process?

A

No

118
Q

In which type of pollination, pollen grains have specific gravity lower than water?

A

Hydrophily

119
Q

In which type of pollination is the size of flowers and number of nectar glands maximum?

A

Ornithophily

120
Q

Adansonia is pollinated by

A

Bats

121
Q

Polysiphony is found in which family of plants?

A

Family malvaceae and family cucurbitaceae

122
Q

What type of movement is shown by pollen tube?

A

Chemotropic movement

123
Q

Where does the pollen tube enter the embryo sac in Betula and walnut?

A

Chalaza

124
Q

Where does the pollen tube enter the embryo sac in cucurbits?

A

Integuments

125
Q

Where does the pollen tube release the nuclei in embryo sac?

A

Cytoplasm of central cell

126
Q

When does the vegetative nucleus of pollen grain degenerate?

A

When the pollen tube touches the embryo sac

127
Q

How many nuclei are involved in double fertlization?

A

5 (2 nuclei of pollen grain, 1 nucleus of egg cell, 2 pollen nuclei)

128
Q

What is the ploidy of endosperm in gymnosperms?

A

Haploid

129
Q

What does the funicle form after fertilization in plants?

A

Stalk of seed

130
Q

Testa of seed is formed from

A

Outer integument

131
Q

Tegment of seed is formed from

A

Inner integument

132
Q

Who is the father of Indian (plant) embryology?

A

P. Maheshwari

133
Q

What type of fission is the first division in embryogenesis in dicot plants?

A

Transverse fission

134
Q

Which cells are formed as a result of transverse fission in zygote in dicots?

A

Small apical cell and large basal cell

135
Q

What does the apical cell in the two celled stage of dicot plant embryogenesis form in future?

A

Hypocotyl, shoot apical meristem, and cotyledons

136
Q

What does the basal cell in the two celled stage of dicot plant embryogenesis form in future?

A

Hypophysis and suspensor

137
Q

What type of divisions take place in two celled stage to form eight celled stage in embryogenesis in dicots?

A

Two rounds of longitudinal division, and one round of transverse division

138
Q

What does the hypophysis of dicot embryo form?

A

Root cap

139
Q

What is the function of suspensor in dicot embryo?

A

Absorbs food from endosperm through haustorial cell and transfers it to the embryo

140
Q

What do the epibasal cells in octant stage of dicot embryo form in future?

A

Cotyledons and plumule

141
Q

What do the hypobasal cells in octant stage of dicot embryo form in future?

A

Radicle and hypocotyl

142
Q

Towards which side of embryonal axis is the sclutellum situated in monocot embryo?

A

Lateral side

143
Q

What does the epiblast represent in a monocot embryo?

A

Rudiments of second cotyledon

144
Q

In which seeds are the cotyledons thin and papery?

A

Albuminous/endospermic seeds

145
Q

Can perisperm develop in endospermic seeds?

A

No

146
Q

What is the type of germination in which cotyledons are pushed out of the soil by fast growth of hypocotyl called?

A

Epigeal germination

147
Q

What is the type of germination in which cotyledons remain in the soil by fast growth of epicotyl called?

A

Hypogeal germination

148
Q

What type of germination (hypogeal or epigeal) is found in most monocots?

A

Hypogeal germination

149
Q

What type of germination (hypogeal or epigeal) is found in castor?

A

Epigeal germination

150
Q

What type of germination (hypogeal or epigeal) is found in beans?

A

Epigeal germination

151
Q

Is polyembryony commonly found in gymnosperms or angiosperms?

A

Gymnosperms

152
Q

What is pseudopolyembryony?

A

Many embryos are formed from more than one embryo sac in an ovule

153
Q

What is true polyembryony?

A

Many embryos are formed from a single embryo sac.

154
Q

What is the ploidy of oosphere?

A

Haploid

[oosphere= egg]

155
Q

How many stamens are present in the flower of crotolaria?

A

10

► Biology (NEET) (39 decks)

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