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► Biology (NEET) > XI: Chapter 13- Photosynthesis > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 13- Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

C₅₅H₇₂O₅N₄Mg is the molecular formula of

A

Chlorophyll a

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2
Q

C55H74O6N4Mg is the molecular formula of

A

Chlorophyll b

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3
Q

C35H32O5N4 is the molecular formula of

A

Chlorophyll c

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4
Q

C54H70O6N4Mg is the molecular formula of

A

Chlorophyll d

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5
Q

How many pyrrole rings are present in a chlorophyll molecule?

A

4

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6
Q

What forms the head of chlorophyll molecule?

A

Porphyrin ring (tetrapyrrole structure)

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7
Q

What forms the tail of chlorophyll molecule?

A

Phytol tail

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8
Q

Phytol tail is absent in which chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll c

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9
Q

Carotenol is the other name for

A

Xanthophyll

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10
Q

Name the basic carotene.

A

Lycopene

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11
Q

What makes tomato, rose, etc red?

A

Lycopene (carotene)

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12
Q

What gives colour to the autumn foliage?

A

Leutin (xanthophyll)

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13
Q

Where are carotenols found in animals?

A

Corpus luteum

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14
Q

What happens to carotenes in animals?

A

It is converted into vitamin A

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15
Q

What is the colour of allophycocyanin?

A

Green

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16
Q

Which are the universal pigments found in plant kingdom?

A

Chlorophyll a, β-Carotene

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17
Q

Which wavelength of light does photosystem I absorb the most?

A

700 nm

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18
Q

Which wavelength of light does photosystem II absorb the most?

A

680 nm

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19
Q

Which photosystem is light green in colour?

A

Photosystem I

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20
Q

Which photosystem is dark green in colour?

A

PSII

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21
Q

How many chlorophyll a molecules does PSI have?

A

200-400

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22
Q

How many chlorophyll a molecules does PSII have?

A

200

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23
Q

Where is PS I found?

A

Stroma lamellae and granum

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24
Q

Where is PSII found?

A

Granum

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25
Q

Which photosystem is involved in both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation?

A

PSI

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26
Q

What is the light harvesting complex made of in a photosystem?

A

Pigment molecules and proteins

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27
Q

What forms the antenna of the photosystem?

A

Light harvesting complex

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28
Q

What is present in the reaction centre of a photosystem?

A

Chlorophyll a

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29
Q

In which phase of photosynthesis are assimilatory powers generated?

A

Light reaction

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30
Q

Hill reaction in photosynthesis is also called

A

Light reaction

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31
Q

What occurs in the photophysical phase of light reaction?

A

Accessory pigments transfer light energy to chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is activated by photons

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32
Q

What happens in the photochemical phase of light reactions?

A

Photolysis of water, production of assimilatory powers

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33
Q

How much energy does the electron liberated from photosystem by a photon contain?

A

23 kcal/mol

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34
Q

How many ATP and NADPH molecules are produced in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

2 ATP and no NADPH

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35
Q

What is the effect of photosynthetic poisons on cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

No effect

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36
Q

What is the sequence of electron transport chain in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A 
PSI
X
FeS
Fd
PQ
Cyt-b6
Cyt-f
PC
PSI
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37
Q

How many ATP and NADPH molecules are produced in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

1 ATP, 1 NADPH

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38
Q

Which is the first electron donor in non cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

Water

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39
Q

What is the sequence of electron transport chain in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

A 
PSII
Phe
PQ
Cyt-b6
Cyt-f
PC
PSI
FeS
Fd
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40
Q

What is also called Blackman’s reaction?

A

Dark reaction of photosynthesis

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41
Q

Which is the first stable product formed from combination of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate with carbon dioxide?

A

3-phoshoglycerate

42
Q

How many ATP and NADPH are utilized in calvin cycle?

A

3 ATP and 2 NADPH

43
Q

Which algae were used by Calvin to formulate the calvin cycle?

A

Chlorella and Scendesmus

44
Q

C3 cycle is found in which monocots?

A

Wheat and rice

45
Q

What kind of inhibition is seen when oxygen reacts with RuBisCO instead of CO2?

A

Competitive inhibition

46
Q

Which photosynthetic pathway is found in Euphorbia?

A

C4 cycle

47
Q

In what manner are bundle sheath cell and mesophyll cells arranged in C4 plants?

A

Crown ring manner

48
Q

In what form is oxaloacetic acid transfered from mesophyll cell to bundlesheath cell in C4 plants?

A

Malic acid

49
Q

What is formed from the breakdown of malic acid in bundle sheath cell in C4 plants?

A

Pyruvic acid and CO2

50
Q

In which type of plants is CAM pathway found?

A

Succulent xerophytes

51
Q

Which type of photosynthetic pathway is found in pineapples?

A

CAM pathway

52
Q

Which is the first stable product of CAM pathway?

A

Oxaloacetic acid

53
Q

Where is malic acid stored during ngiht in CAM plants?

A

Vacuole

54
Q

Which is the first CO2 acceptor in CAM plants?

A

Phosphoenol pyruvate

55
Q

Which is the first stable product formed during photorespiration?

A

2-phosphoglycolate

56
Q

During photorespiration, glycolate from mitochondria transfers to which organelle?

A

Peroxisomes

57
Q

Glyoxylate forms which compound during photorespiration?

A

Glycine

58
Q

How many nitrogen are lost for conversion of glycine to serine?

A

1

59
Q

How many NADH are formed during the conversion of glycine to serine in photorespiration?

A

1

60
Q

Blackman’s law of limiting factors is a modification of

A

LIebeg’s law of minimum

61
Q

How is photosynthesis affected when CO2 concentration increase by 0.05%

A

Photosynthesis increases

62
Q

In which light is photorespiration maximum?

A

Red light

63
Q

How is photosynthesis affected when plant is subjected to intermittent light?

A

No photosynthesis occurs

64
Q

What is the decreasing effect of high light intensity on photosynthesis called?

A

Solarisation

65
Q

What is the decreasing effect of high concentration of oxygen on photosynthesis in C3 plants called?

A

Warburg’s effect

66
Q

What is the effect of high concentration of oxygen on C4 plants?

A

No effect

67
Q

What is photosynthetic number?

A

The amount of CO2 absorbed in grams by 1 gram chlorophyll.

68
Q

Where do the hydrogen ions accumulate according to the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

A

In the lumen of thylakoid

69
Q

Who proved that green plants produce food using their leaves?

A

Stephen Hals

70
Q

Who reported that plant purify air?

A

Priestley

71
Q

Who reported that plants only produce food in the presence of light?

A

Jan ingenhouz

72
Q

Who gave the concept of cardinal points?

A

Julius van Sachs

73
Q

Who stated that the first stable product of photosynthesis is starch?

A

Julius van Sachs

74
Q

Who gave the first action spectrum of photosynthesis?

A

Englemann

75
Q

Which alga did Englemann use to give his action spectrum?

A

Cladophora

76
Q

Who recognised CO2 as the impure air?

A

Lavosier

77
Q

Who gave the concept of two photosystems?

A

Arnold and Emerson

78
Q

Who proved that the oxygen produced in photosynthesis is liberated from water?

A

van Neil

79
Q

What is the sharp reduction in photosynthesis when monochromatic beam of wavelength greater than 680nm is used called?

A

Red drop

80
Q

Who reported the red drop effect for the first time?

A

Emerson

81
Q

What is the enchancement effect?

A

Increase in photosynthesis when two monochromatic beams of different wavelength are used together.

82
Q

What does the enhancement effect in plants prove?

A

Existence of two photosystems.

83
Q

Who discovered that green parts of plants release oxygen?

A

Jan Ingenhousz

84
Q

Who first discovered chlorophyll in plants?

A

Julius von Sachs

85
Q

How do the chloroplasts arrange themselves in a mesophyll cell?

A

Along the walls

86
Q

What is the colour of chlorophyll a?

A

Blue-green

87
Q

What is the colour of chlorophyll b?

A

Yellow green

88
Q

Why are no NADPH formed in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

CYclic photophosphorylation occurs inside stroma lamella where NADP reductase enzymes are missing,

89
Q

Where are protons transported as electrons move through the photosystems?

A

Across the membrane into the lumen

90
Q

Where is the primary acceptor of electrons located according to chemiosmotic hyptothesis?

A

Towards the outer side of the membrane

91
Q

What are the parts of ATP synthase enzyme?

A

CF0- embedded in the thylakoid membrane

Cf1- faces stroma

92
Q

What kind of transport occurs in chemiosmotic synthesis?

A

Facililtated diffusion

93
Q

How did Melvin Calvin discover that the first CO2 fixation product was a 3 carbon organic acid?

A

Using radioactive techniques

94
Q

Which is the most crucial step of the calvin cycle?

A

Carboxylation

95
Q

Bundle sheath cells have very thin walls. True/false?

A

False. They have very thick walls.

96
Q

What does RuBisCO have greater affinity for- CO2 or O2?

A

CO2

97
Q

Which plants shows greater tolerance to higher temperatures- C3 or C4?

A

C4

98
Q

What kind of relationship do incident light and CO2 fixation rates have at low light intensities?

A

Linear relationship

99
Q

At what percentage of full sunlight does light saturation occur?

A

10%

100
Q

Which plants show saturation of photosynthesis at lower concentration of CO2?

A

C4 plants

101
Q

Out of light reactions and dark reactions in photosynthesis which is affected more by higher temperatures?

A

Dark reaction

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