Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing, LPN, Year 2 > x Respiration (Ms. Ci) > Flashcards

x Respiration (Ms. Ci) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

ABG used for ..

A
  • working with respiratory disorders

- reflects how well respiratory and metabolic functions maintain state of homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of ABG

A

-pH
-pCO2 (respiratory)
-HCO3 (metabolic)
-PaO2
-SaO2
Analyze figures to determine (Repiratory: Acidosis, Alkalosis; Metabolic: Acidosis, Alkalosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acid/Base Balance

A
  • balance between Acid/Alkalinity
  • H+ content of body fluids
  • imbalances are life threatening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pH of Blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • pH measures …

- indicator of….

A

strength of acids and bases

  • scale: 0-14
  • indicates conc of H+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pH influences…

A
  • speed of cellular reactions

- cell Fx, permeability, Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acids

A
  • LO pH #

- HI H+ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

STEPS

A
  1. Analyze pH
  2. Analyze pCO2
  3. Analyze HCO3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ph 7.56
ph 7.22
ph 7.39

A
  • 7.56: alkaline
  • 7.22: acidic
  • 7.39: normal (7.35 - 7.45)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

NOMALS

A

Respiration: 12 - 20 resp p/min
Blood ph: 7.35 - 7-45
pCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26 m eq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pCO2

A
  • normal: 35-45
  • partial pressure of CO2
  • CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
  • ACID, gas while in blood
  • HI in body = acidosis
  • CO2 is a byproduct of cellular metabolism
  • CO2 dissolved in blood => Carbonic Acid (CO2, eliminated thru resp, via LUNGS; H20)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pCO2 levels (35 - 45)

A
  • 35, more CO2 in blood, RESP ACIDOSIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pCO2 imbalance: Causes

A

Resp norm 12-20 p/min

Hypoventilation: Resp 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pCO2 imbalance: Hypoventilation

A

Resp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pCO2 imbalance: Hyperventilation

A

Resp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pCO2 24
pCO2 49
pCO2 38
pCO2 75

A

pCO2 24: respiratory alkalosis (LO CO2)
pCO2 49: respiratory acidosis (HI CO2)
pCO2 38: normal
pCO2 75: respiratory acidosis (HI CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HCO3: Bicarbonate (BASE)

A

normal: 22-26 m eq/L
- weak base controlled by kidney
- metabolic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

extra

A

extra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • HCO3 >26

- loss of acid, presence of excess base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis: Causes

A
  • V (vomit stomach acid)
  • Suction (sucking out stomach acid)
  • HCO3 ingestion (antacid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

-HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Metabolic Acidosis: Causes

A
  • Renal Failure
  • Cardiac Arrest
  • prolonged fasting
  • lactic acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HCO3 29
HCO3 16
HCO3 25
HCO3 12

A

HCO3 29: metabolic alkalosis
HCO3 16: metabolic acidosis
HCO3 25: normal
HCO3 12: metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Interpreting ABGs

A

1) Is pH acidosis, alkalosis or normal (7.35 - 7.45)
2) evaluate pCO2 (35 - 45)
3) evaluate HCO3 (22-26)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 Systems in place for Compensation

A

-chemical buffers
-lungs
-kidneys
GOAL: maintain acid/base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Compensation

A

Normal pH + 2 abnormal values (HCO3, pCO2)
means compensation has happened
-1 value is the problem, 1 is the compensation.
-chem buffers absorb or release H+ ions prn
-Bicarb/Carbonic acid system
-lungs adjust ventilation to control CO2
-kidneys excrete or absorb HCO3 or H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Levels of Compensation

A
  • UNCOMPENSATED (ph LO, pCO2 UP, HCO3 N; 1 value is normal)
  • PARTIAL (ph NOT NORM, PCO2 UP, HCO3 UP; all 3 abnormal ==> pH becoming normal)
  • COMPLETE (pH fully adjusted, NORMAL, pCO2, HCO3 abnormal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

SEE PICS ON ABGs

A

SEE PICS ON ABGs and MATH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ABG w copensaion

A

problem is component with same favor as pH. If ph is normal , but more on acid side, the components, resp or met that is more acid is the initial problem. the other component does the compensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Interpret this ABG

  • ph 7.36
  • CO2 50
  • HCO3 29
A
  • ph 7.36: normal (but more acid)
  • CO2 50: acidic
  • HCO3 29: alkaline
  • RES Acidosis w complete compensation by kidney (problem is resp because that value is acidic as does the ph lean towards. the compensation is by the other component, kidney)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

LUNG CA

A
  • Cancer of Lung Tissue
  • mostly epithelial lining
  • 2 Types: Small Cell Lung CA (SCLC) and Non Small Cell Lung CA (NSCLC)
32
Q

2 Types Lung CA

A 
Small Cell Lung CA (SCLC) 
(OAT Cell Carcinoma)
-rapidly growing
-usually Dx after mets.
-1yr survival rate after Dx
-LO prognosis

Non Small Cell Lung CA (NSCLC)
Squamous, Adeno, Large Cell Carcinoma

33
Q

Lung CA: Risk

A
  • SMOKING
  • air pollution
  • diesel ex
  • exposure to radon, uranioum, asbestoss
  • family Hx
  • prior Hx of having lung CA
  • UP 65
  • prior bronchitis, TB up risk
34
Q

Lung CA

A

smoke inhalation –> irritation to epithelial lining–> cells mutate –> growth of abnormal/CA cells

35
Q

Lung CA: SS

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Wheeze
  • Chest Pain
  • Hemoptysis (blood in sputum)
  • hoarse voice
  • freq lung infec
  • fatigue
  • weight loss
36
Q

Lung CA: Dx

A
  • CxR
  • CT Scan
  • MRI
  • Biopsy w bronchoscope
  • Sputum Cytology (lab analyzes cells)
  • btatin/bone scans (mets?)
  • cough that keeps getting worse
37
Q

Lung CA: Rx

A
  • wedge resection: remove sm portion of lobe
  • segmental resection: remove lg portion of lobe
  • lobectomy: remove entire lobe
  • Pneumonectomy: remove 1 entire lung
38
Q

Lung CA: Rx

A
  • Stages: I, II, III, IV (mets)
  • Chemo
  • Radiation

2 Type
SCLC
NSCLC

39
Q

Small Cell Lung CA, SCLC (Oat Carcinoma)

A
  • rapid growth
  • mets @ time of Dx
  • Rx: chemo.radiation/sx
  • palliative
  • poor prognosis, survival LESS than 1 yr
40
Q

Non Small Cell Lung CA, NSCLC

A

-85% of CAs

41
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A
  • non-invasive
  • measures arterial O2 sat(SaO2)
  • measeures % of HgB saturated w O2
  • Continuous or Intermittent monitoring
42
Q

Inaccurate Pulse Ox readings d/t

A
  • vasoconstriction (cold, vasopressors)
  • hypothermia/hypotension
  • probe exp to bright light/sunlight
  • pt mvmt
43
Q

What is O2 saturation?

A
  • O2 carried by blood attached to HgB
  • 1 HgB per 4 O2 molecules
  • O2 sat = how much O2 blood carries as a % of the max it could carry
44
Q

100 HgB molecules can carry how many Os

A

400 Os

45
Q

what percentage O2 if HgB only carrying 360 O2?

A

360/400 = .9 x 100 = 90%

46
Q

.

A

.

47
Q

.

A

.

48
Q

.

A

.

49
Q

.

A

.

50
Q

.

A

.

51
Q

.

A

.

52
Q

.

A

.

53
Q

.

A

.

54
Q

.

A

.

55
Q

.

A

.

56
Q

.

A

.

57
Q

.

A

.

58
Q

Ventilator to prevent Atelectasis

A

inhale to expand chest

59
Q

Ventilation

A
  • mvmt of air in/out lungs
  • 2 phases: inspiration/expiration
  • relationship btw press/volume
60
Q

Relationship btw Vol and Pressure

A
  • Air flows to change in pressure. from HI pressure to LO
  • UP in volume –> DEC in pressure
  • inspriation –> lung expansion –> UP volume
61
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A
  • 760 mmHg

- during inspiration, lung pressure is less than atmospheric

62
Q

Inspiration

A
  • Active process

- cause by muscular contractions mainly of diapragm and intercostal muscles

63
Q

Expiration

A

mainly used by Passive process
-elastic recoil of diaphragm
-relaxation of intercostal muscles
In COPD, expiration is active.

64
Q

Pleural Space has Negative Pressure

A
  • Air tight vacuum

- lung collapses if air introduced

65
Q

Pneumothorax

A

.

66
Q

.

A

.

67
Q

.

A

.

68
Q

.

A

.

69
Q

.

A

.

70
Q

.

A

.

71
Q

.

A

.

72
Q

.

A

.

73
Q

.

A

.

74
Q

Chest Tube

A
  • water acts as sealant, prevents air from returning to chest cavity
  • shot NOT see bubbles = air leak
  • water level w fluctuate w breathes (Tidaling)
75
Q

Caring for a Chest Tube

A
  • pleurovac should be lower than patient
  • resp status
  • dressing
  • tube for kinks
  • drainage
  • correct suction
  • water seal
  • measure output I+O
76
Q

How to position pt w Chest Tube

A
  • anyway that is comfortable
  • encourage walking
  • just prevent canister above pt (leaks)
  • be careful not to pull out tube
  • if it does, put vaseline dressing on insertion point to prevent air going in

Nursing, LPN, Year 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions