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Nursing, LPN, Year 2 > MEDS (NOT READY!) > Flashcards

MEDS (NOT READY!) Flashcards

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1
Q

6 class of Oral HYPOglycemics

A

1) Sulfonylureas
2) Meglitinides
3) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
4) Thiazolidinediones
5) Biguanide
6) DPP-4 Inhibitors

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2
Q

Sulfonylureas - how do they work?

Type II DM

A
  • stimulate pancreas to release more insulin
  • NOT dependent on BG
  • can –> HYPOglycemia (monitor BG because of this)
  • NEVER use on Type 1 (IDDM)
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3
Q

Sulfonylureas - examples

A

1st gen:
Diavinese

2nd gen:
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase, Glynase)

3rd gen:
Glimepiride (Amaryl)

SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea, Diarrhea, Constipation

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4
Q

Diavinese

A
  • 1st Gen Sulfonylurea

- not used often. stress on kidney. Renal function can be altered

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5
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A
  • 2nd gen Sulfonylurea
  • given 30 min B4 1st meal, breakfast

SE: Nausea, Diar, Constip

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6
Q

Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase, Glynase)

A
  • 2nd gen Sulfonylurea
  • given 1x day w 1st meal

SE: Nausea, Diar, Constip

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7
Q

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

A
  • 3rd gen Sulfonylurea
  • 1x day w 1st meal

SE: Nausea, Diar, Constip

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8
Q

Meglitinides - how do they work?

A
  • stim pancreas to release insulin
  • Glucose DEPENDENT
  • Taken 30min B4 meal

once pt eats, UP BG, then pancreas w stim insulin. absorption happens in sm intestines. Med will already be working

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9
Q

Meglitinides - examples

A
  • Prandin (Repaglinide)
  • Starlix (Nateglinide)
  • stim pancreas to release insulin
  • Glucose DEPENDENT
  • Taken 30min B4 meal
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10
Q

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors - how do they work?

A
  • prolong absorption of carbs in stomach & intestines. BLOCKS enzyme needed to digest starch.
  • slows post prandial, UP BG
  • given w EACH meal on 1st bite, not convenient
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11
Q

Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors - i.e.

A

Precose (Acarbose)

not convenient because have to remember for each meal.

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12
Q

Precose (Acarbose)

A

w EACH meal on 1st bite.

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13
Q

Thiazolidinediones - how do they work? (like Biguanides)

A

-UP insulin sensitivity at insulin receptors
-LO amount of glucose released by liver
-taken daily w NO regard to meals
-similar to Biguanide’s
UP risk/rate of bladder CA. Contraindicated in pts w Hx of Bladder CA

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14
Q

Thiazolidinediones - i.e.

A

Avandia (risk for MI) not used anymore
Actos (Pioglitizone)

  • UP insulin sensitivity at insulin receptors
  • LO amount of glucose released by liver
  • taken daily w NO regard to meals
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15
Q

Actos (Pioglitizone) class

A

Thiazolidinedione

  • UP insulin sensitivity at insulin receptors
  • LO amount of glucose released by liver
  • taken daily w NO regard to meals
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16
Q

Biguanide -(2 uses, Bi) how does it work?

A
  • used in combo w Sulfonylureas
  • LO hepatic glucose output
  • UP insulin sensitivity at cell. so don’t need as much
  • taken w 1st meal, 1x day
  • DOES NOT cause HYPOglycemia because it doesn’t raise insulin. only makes insulin already there more effective.
  • RISK hepatotoxicity. don’t use on pts using contrast mediums because dyes are nephrotoxic. drug already hard on kidneys
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17
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) class

A

Biguanide

  • taken w 1st meal, 1x day
  • DOES NOT cause HYPOglycemia because it doesn’t raise insulin. only makes insulin already there more effective.
  • used in combo w Sulfonylureas
  • LO hepatic glucose output
  • UP insulin sensitivity at cell. so don’t need as much
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18
Q

DPP-4 Inhibitors aka (Gliptins) - how do they work?

A
  • hormone in GI tract sign pancreas to produce insulin
  • glucagon like polypeptide 1 (GLP-1)
  • DPP-4 is protein found in blood. it stops breakdown of diff hormones to UP insulin to LOWER BG.
  • short acting in blood
  • taken w/out regard to food
  • Only for Type II, dependent on insulin releasing cells

i.e. Januvia

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19
Q

Januvia class

A

Gliptin (DPP-4 Inhibitor)

-taken w/out regard to food. anytime

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20
Q

Glucagon

A
  • converts Glycogen to Glucose
  • Emergency med
  • UP BG levels
  • Rx for unconsios pt (subQ, IV, IM, parenteral)
  • must be constituted STAT before injection
  • RISK for bleeding with pts on Cumadin
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21
Q

Types of Insulin

A

Rapid, Sort (Regular), Intermediate, Long Acting

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22
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin - ONSET/Peak/Duration

(sailing down the rapids on a log) fastest

A

Fastest Acting, the logs

Lispro (Humalog)= 0.25 / 0.5-2.5 / 3-6.5
Aspart (Novolog)= 0.25 / 1-3 / 3-5
Glulisine (Apidra)= 0.25 / 0.5-1.5 / 3-5

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23
Q

Short Acting Insulin - ONSET/Peak/Duration

A

Regular

Novolin-R, Humulin-R: 0.5-1 / 2-3 / 4-6

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24
Q

Intermediate Acting - ONSET/Peak/Duration

A

NPH (NovolinR, HumulinR)= 1-2 / 6-14 / 16-24

Novolin NPH 70/reg 30= 0.5 / 4-8 / 24

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25
Q

Long Acting - ONSET/Peak/Duration

A

Glargine (Lantus) = 2 / no peak / 24

Detemir (Levemir) = 2 / no peak / 24

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26
Q

Pegvisomant (Somavert)

A

Treats acromegaly (a growth hormone disorder) in patients who cannot be treated with surgery or radiation.

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27
Q

Desmopressin

A

Desmopressin is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. It may be taken nasally, IV, or oral or sublingual tablet. Wikipedia

Brand names: Stimate, Ddavp
Pregnancy risk: Category B (No evidence of risk in humans)
Drug classes: Vasopressin analogue

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28
Q

Diapid

A

.

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29
Q

Pitrecin

A

.

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30
Q

Prednisone

A

.

31
Q

Glucagon

A

.

32
Q

Parloadel (re: Acromegaly)

A

helps muslce regidity, decreases GH. Stimulates Dopamine receptors

33
Q

Sandostatin (re: Acromegaly)

A

Inhibints GH secretion

34
Q

Pegvisomant (Somavent) (re: Acromegaly)

A

GH Antagonist

  • Human Growth Hormone
  • A/E: diarrhea, dizziness, edema, hepatotoxic, infection, N, pain, sinusitis
  • INT: Opioods
35
Q

-DDAVP (synthetic antidiuretic)

Desmopressin

A

ADH Prep

Desmopressin is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. It may be taken nasally, IV, or oral or sublingual tablet. Wikipedia

Brand names: Stimate, Ddavp
Pregnancy risk: Category B (No evidence of risk in humans)
Drug classes: Vasopressin analogue

36
Q

-Vasopressin (Pitrecin) (IM, intra nasal)

A

ADH Prep

37
Q

-Vasopressintannate (IM)

A

ADH Prep

38
Q

-Lycine Vasopressin (Diapid), Intra Nasal

A

ADH Prep

39
Q

Declomymcin (re SIADH)

A

,

40
Q

Lithium Carbonate (re SIADH)

A

,

41
Q

Lasix (re SIADH)

A

,

42
Q

PTU (re hyperthyroid)

A

.

43
Q

methimazole (tapazole) (re hyperthyroid)

A

.

44
Q

K Iodide (SSKI)

A

.

45
Q

Corticosterioids (re hyperthyroid)

A

.

46
Q

Synthroid (T4) (re hypothryroid)

A

.

47
Q

Levothyroid (re hypothryroid)

A

.

48
Q

Proloid (re hypothryroid)

A

.

49
Q

Cytomel (T3) (re hypothryroid)

A

.

50
Q

Calcium Gluconate

A

.

51
Q

Ca Chloride IV

A

.

52
Q

Prednisone

A

.

53
Q

Decadron

A

.

54
Q

Lysodren (re Cushings)

A

.

55
Q

Cytadren (re Cushings)

A

.

56
Q

Nystatin

A

.

57
Q

Ketoconazole

A

.

58
Q

Abreva

A

only FDA approved product to shorten duration of cold sore

59
Q

Lydocaine

A

.

60
Q

Apthasol

A

.

61
Q

Kepivance

A

.

62
Q

Atropine Scopalomine

A

r/t Achalasia: Anticholinergic

63
Q

Nitrobid/Nitrosta

A

r/t Achalasia: Nitrates

64
Q

Diatrizoic acid (Gastrografin)

A

r/t GERD contrast medium

65
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists

A 
r/t GERD
Tagamet
Zantac
Pepsid
Axid
66
Q

PPI

A

r/t GERD

Prilosec, Nexium, Protonix, Aciphex, Previcid

67
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Treats gastric esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Also treats nausea, vomiting, and heartburn caused by a stomach problem called gastroparesis in patients with diabetes.

May treat: Acid reflux disease, Delayed gastric emptying
Drug classes: Antiemetic, Dopamine-2 Receptor Antagonist
Other drugs in same class: Ondansetron, Promethazine, More
May prevent: Postoperative nausea and vomiting

68
Q

Lipitor

A

re Statin

69
Q

Zocor

A

re Statin

70
Q

Pravachol

A

re Statin

71
Q

Lactulose

A

re Hepatic Encephalopathy

72
Q

Neomycin

A

re Hepatic Encephalopathy

73
Q

Pancrelipase

A

re pancreatitis

w 1st bite of food,tab

74
Q

Octeotride(Sandostatin)

A

re pancreatitis

hormone suppresses Gh secreation (used in Gigantism to supress GH secretion)

Brand name: Sandostatin
Molar mass: 1,019.24 g/mol
Pregnancy risk: Category B (No evidence of risk in humans)
May treat: Acromegaly, Glandular tumor, Pituitary tumor, Pancreatic tumor

Nursing, LPN, Year 2 (27 decks)

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