X Patient w Endocrine Disorder - Burke Ch 34 Flashcards

Question

Parathormone is an antagonist to what?

Answer 1

Calcitonin. Causes UP in serum Ca.

Answer 2

spasms, Tetany

Answer 3

* Stimulates production of the biologically-active form of vitamin D within the kidney. * Facilitates mobilization of calcium and phosphate from bone. To prevent detrimental increases in phosphate, parathyroid hormone also has a potent effect on the kidney to eliminate phosphate (phosphaturic effect). * Maximizes tubular reabsorption of calcium within the kidney. This activity results in minimal losses of calcium in urine.

Answer 4

affects heart, Death

Answer 5

On top of kidneys. (AD, Renal)

Answer 6

``` Adrenal Cortex (outer) Adrenal Medulla (inner) ```

Answer 7

1- Mineralocorticoid (SALT) 2-Glococorticoid (SUGAR) 3-Androgens (SEX Hormones) Testosterone, Estrogen

Answer 8

- H2O/Electrolyte balance - Aldosterone, main hormone, regulates Na, K - Indirectly manages BP

Answer 9

- secretes CORTISOL under stress like pregnancy, hemorrhage, injuries - glucose metabolism - stress hormone - Secretes reserve energy for stressful times - anti-inflammatory effect. PREDNISONE

Answer 10

Fight or Flight. Similar cells to Sympathetic NS - Epinepherine (Adrenolin) - Nor Epinepherine

Answer 11

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NSdiagram.svg/512px-NSdiagram.svg.png

Answer 12

- UP HR, UP BP - stimulate liver to release Glucose reserves for immediate energy to run or fight - bronchodilation - dilation of blood vessels to heart and muscles - constrict blood vessels to digestive tract

Answer 13

- links Nervous system and Endocrine via Pituitary Gland - controls body temp, hunger, thirst, sleep, fatigue - responsible for some activities of Autonomic NS

Answer 14

-Exocrine and Endocrine | long slender, upper abdomen

Answer 15

- Insulin (responds to UP BG) - Glucagon (responds to LO BG) P (pancreas) I (insulin) G (glucagon)

Answer 16

- abdominal area, almond shape. 1) Estrogen: produce secondary sex characteristics (i.e. menstruation, pubic hair, axillary hair, maturation of reproductive organs (uterus), breast dev, leg hair etc) 2) Progesterone: maintain prep of repro organs that were initiated by Estrogen.

Answer 17

- Temporary endocrine gland expelled after pregnancy. - when you devlop a Placenta, ovaries become inactive. - Placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy

Answer 18

- Testes, oval, in scrotum (outside body) - release Testosterone - develop male secondary sex characteristics (pubic hair, axiliary hair, facial hair, maturation of sex organs, deep voice, muscle, body mass, formation of sperm)

Answer 19

- in upper thorax behind sternum - larger in children than adults. shrink as they grow. - releases Thymosin: immune system

Answer 20

- close to Thalmus - controls biological clock, sleep/wake cycle, biorhythm - secretes Melatonin (affects reproductive cycle, inhibit reproductive activity, prevents sexual maturation in child until puberty, sleep/wake cycle, mood, menstrual cycle)

Answer 21

- overproduction of growth hormone in adult (due to disfunction in hypothalmus, affects pituitary) - Idiopathic hyperplasia of ANTERIOR pituitary gland - tumor growth in anterior pit gland - changes IRREVERSIBLE - affects adults in 30/40s

Answer 22

unexplained increase in # of cells

Answer 23

7-9yrs to diagnose and start seeing facial changes - enlarged cranium and lower jaw - separation and malocclusion (misalignment) of teeth - bulging forehead - bulbous nose - thick lips, enlarged tongue (can cause sleep apnea, disphasia - generalized coarsening of facial features - enlarged hands/feet - enlarged heart, liver, spleen - UP subcutaneous conn tissue (flesh appearance) - enlarged glands - impaired tolerance of carbs = UP BG

Answer 24

Dysphagia: Difficulty in swallowing. (G for GI tract) Dysphasia / Aphasia: A language disorder in which there is an impairment of speech and of comprehension of speech.

Answer 25

- muscle weakness (can dev arthritis & osteoperosis, excell GH on muscle) - Hypertrophy of joints w pain/stiffness - Males (ED, impotence) - Females (deepended voice, inc facial hair, amenorrhea (no menses)) - Partial/complete blindness w press on optic nerve due to tumor - severe headaches - excessive sweating

Answer 26

Medications: - Parloadel - helps muslce regidity, decreases GH. Stimulates Dopamine receptors - Sandostatin - Inhibints GH secretion - Pegvisomant (Somavent) - GH Antagonist Procedures: - Cryosurgery - freeze to destroy tumor - Transspendoidal removal of tissue - surgically remove up nose - Proton Beam Therapy - destroy tissue - Soft, easy to chew diet - Analgesics - Hypophysectomy - removal of pituitary gland - UP risk of injury due to visual impairment - monitor BG. Can't handle carbs (like DM?)

Answer 27

from Ant Pit. Growth Hormone, promotes growth in long bones, muscles

Answer 28

from Ant Pit. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Stimulate Thyroid to release Thyroxine and Triidothyronine

Answer 29

from Ant Pit. Releases Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, stimulates Adrenal Cortex to secrete glucocorticoid (sugar).

Answer 30

FLAT PEG FLAT: FSH/LH, ACTH, TSH (TROPIC hormones. Stimulate other endocrine glands) PEG: GH, Prolactin (stimulates part of body directly. E for endorphins)

Answer 31

from Ant Pit. made in hypothalmus, STORED and released in Post Pit - ADH (stim collecting ducts in kidney to retain water) - Oxytocin (uterine contractions)

Answer 32

from Ant Pit. Follicle Stimulating Hormone Leutinizing Hormone ovulations, secretion of sex hormones

Answer 33

from Ant Pit. | mammary gland, prod of milk

Answer 34

from Pos Pit. | uterine contraction, release of milk

Answer 35

from Pos Pit. stimulate kindney collecting ducts to conserve H2O. UP BP, constrict arterioles

Answer 36

TSH - thyroid stim hormone T3 - Triiodothryroxine T4 - Thyroxine

Answer 37

PTH - Parathormone UP Ca, muscle contractions, bone growth

Answer 38

- Cat Scan - MRI - Cranial Xrays - Opthalmic Exam - to see changes in vision, pressure on optic nerve - look for UP GH

Answer 39

- Suppresses insulin | - Decrease in insulin action

Answer 40

it will suppress GH release (they give you Glucose Load, collect blood over short time to see if GH is still being released. This is a FIRM diagnosis and they w investigate more

Answer 41

Hormones for life

Answer 42

- Acromegaly - Gigantism - Dwarfism - Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 43

- Hyperthyroidism - Hypothryroidism - Simple Goiter - Cancer of Thyroid - Hyperparathyroidism - Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 44

- Adrenal Hyperfunction (Cushing's Syndrome) - Adrenal Hypofunction (Addison's Disease) - Pheochromocytoma (Cell Tumor)

Answer 45

- Overproduction of GH - d/t hyperplasia of ANTERIOR pit gland - occurs in CHILD before closure of Epiphyses - GENETIC

Answer 46

Hyperplasia of ANTERIOR pit gland

Answer 47

CHILD b4 closure of Epiphyses.

Answer 48

Acromegaly - Adults | Gigantism - Children

Answer 49

Defect in Hypothalmus

Answer 50

blood vessels

Answer 51

- UP Height - UP muscle and visceral development - UP weight - Normal body proportions - Weakness - Osteoperosis - delayed sexual dev

Answer 52

- Sx removal of tumor - Irradiation of ANT PIT gland (radiation affects BP, can cause arrhythmia in child?) - early intervention ** - problems with self image (girls more traumatized)

Answer 53

GH suppression tests help to diagnose GH excess. sample of blood is drawn after 10-12 hours fasting. person given glucose solution (usually 100 grams of glucose) to drink. Blood samples drawn at timed intervals and tested for GH to see if the pituitary gland is sufficiently suppressed by the dose of glucose.

Answer 54

-Deficiency in GH (usually idiopathic)

Answer 55

in Proportional Dwarfism: - Abnormally short height - normal body proportion - appear younger than age - dental problems d/t underdeveloped jaws - delayed sexual development - coping skills - most children 3-4' - risk for Cardiac Disease - some mental slowness, NOT MR (mental retardation)

Answer 56

- Malnutrition during pregnancy - Trauma/Infection of pituitary gland - Lack of ACTH, TSH, Gonads

Answer 57

- GH injections (genetically engineered) - removal of tumor - risk

Answer 58

- Achondroplasia (most common) - Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia (SED), less common - Diastrophic Dysplasia, rarest

Answer 59

- 1/26,000 - 40,000 babies - evident at birth - large head - prominent forehead - flat bridge of nose - protruding jaw - misaligned teeth - long trunk - short arms/lets - bow legs - flat, broad, short feet - often double jointed

Answer 60

- less common - 1/95,000 births - shortened trunk - apparant 5-10yrs old - clubbed feet - cleft palate - serious osteoarthritis in hips - weak hands and feet - barrer chested appearance

Answer 61

- rarest form - 1/100,00 births - short forearms/calves - deformed hands/feet - limited ROM - cleft palate - ears have cauliflower appearance

Answer 62

- their understanding - emotional response - family history (may have developed good coping skills) - When was growth retardation first noticed - normal intelligence

Answer 63

measurable - height/weights (usually given GH)(taken every visit to monitor growth) - Xrays of wrist (they can tell bone age) - skull xray (tumor) - ?Lower GH based growth (NPO after midnight?) - approach w respect /dignity - support groups avalable

Answer 64

(Die ADH) - Deficiency of ADH - permanent or transient metabolic disorder of the POST PIT - UP Urine - Hypothalmus makes Vasopressin, PIT stores it - Kidneys need ADH

Answer 65

- Polyuria (diluted), reducing intake has no effect on concentration of urine - may lead to severely dehydration - Lethargic - dry skin, poor turgor - constipation

Answer 66

- ADH preparations | - limit caffeine d/t diuretic props

Answer 67

-DDAVP (synthetic antidiuretic) Desmopressin -Vasopressin (Pitrecin) (IM, intra nasal) -Vasopressintannate (IM) -Lycine Vasopressin (Diapid), Intra Nasal

Answer 68

Desmopressin is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. It may be taken nasally, IV, or oral or sublingual tablet. Wikipedia Brand names: Stimate, Ddavp Pregnancy risk: Category B (No evidence of risk in humans) Drug classes: Vasopressin analogue

Answer 69

most common type - damage to HYPOTHALMUS or PIT - head injury, trauma, surgert - Deficiency of ADH/Vasopressin - Infection: Incephalitis (inflam of brain), Meningitis (infec of brain covering, meninges)

Answer 70

2nd most common - -d/t kidney or nephron dysfunction - not responding to ADH (it is being secreted, but no response)

Answer 71

- kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease - gestational problem - ETOH/substance abuse

Answer 72

when fluid intake doest keep pace w urine output => Dehydration + Hypernatrimia -not enough fluid in blood stream

Answer 73

-Specific Gravity (concentration of chems in urine) usually LO in DI.

Answer 74

2-20L p/2hrs - Ployuria - Polydipsia - UP NA - Hypernatremia - Lethargic

Answer 75

No cure - daily weight (b4 breakfast, same time) - wear Med alert bracelet - stay under med supervision - can worsen - monitor urinary output (especially in unconscious and pedes) - monitor I&O, skin turgor, oral mucous membrane

Answer 76

Survivors on meds for life

Answer 77

(Si, ADH, more more) - PIT secreting TOO MUCH ADH - Kidneys reabsorb too much H2O - LO urine output - UP fluid volume - HYPONatremia - Hemodilution (blood elements lowered) - Fluid overload w/o Peripheral Edema. - NO Peripheral Edema

Answer 78

control body fluid volume

Answer 79

- tumor, meds, CA malignancies - pulmonary disorders - nervous system disorders - stressful procedure (ADH released in stress)

Answer 80

HYPONatremia (Water retention) ==> H2O Intoxication -serum Na LO (

Answer 81

- muscle cramps - weakness - anorexia - nausea - HA

Answer 82

- blood work (Hyponatremia = diarrhea) - disorientation - irritability - bloating/puffiness (face/fingers) - LO urine output. Fluid intake w exceed urine output - Excess fluid stays IN Vasular System, not in interstitial spaces to cause peripheral edema.

Answer 83

NO peripheral edema. | fluid stay is VASCULAR SYSTEM, NOT into intestitial spaces.

Answer 84

As H20 UP, brain cells expand. Intoxication. ==> neurological symptoms: - Lethargy - personality changes - seizures - deep tendon reflexes diminish/dissapear - HYPONatremia

Answer 85

- monitor Na levels (HYPO Natremia) - LO Blood Urea - LO Creatinin - UP Na in urine/LO Na in Blood

Answer 86

- fluid restriction to equalize fluid, control intake - IV hypertonic saline solutions to correct Na imbalance - eliminate tumor if present - Meds: Declomycin, Lithiium Carbonate, Lasix - assess pt condition - neuro exams q3-4hrs - austcultat lungs q2-4hrs (crackels if fluids present, UP fluid volume) - monitor lab results - daily weight (same time, same scale, same clothes) - minimize discomfort - pt education - avoid salty foods - frequent oral care

Answer 87

- very treatable | - dangerous if untreated ==> coma, death

Answer 88

Diuretics, interfere s anti diuretic action of ADH and causes Polyuria Declomymcin Lithium Carbonate Lasix

Answer 89

- ADD - Athletes drink Gatorade - prevent dehydration - women more susceptible. - per lb lost in sweat, should drink PINT of H2O, per hour during HI endurance activities.

Answer 90

aka Graves Disease - Overproduction of Thyroid hormone - Exaggeration of metabolic processes - exact cause unknown - Autoimmune Disorder (2% women, less men) - 30-50 yrs

Answer 91

-edema, anterior neck (enlarged thyroid) -exothalmus (bulging eyes) Peri orbital /both eyes, bilateral. Sometimes lid won't close, dry eye/ -inability to concentrate, memory loss -dysphagia -hoarseness -UP appetite (metabolism of fats/carbs -weight loss -nervousness -emotional lability (up down mood swings) -UP metabolism -more strain on cardio system as u get older -Dysrythmia (ht failure) - smoking DOUBLES probability of developing

Answer 92

- insomnia - tachycardia HTN - warn flush skin - fine hair - amenorrhea - UP temp. Intolerance to heat - diaphoresis - hand tremors - hyperactivity - clumsiness

Answer 93

- Meds : PTU, methimazole (tapazole) - radioactive Iodine (ablation therapy), gold standard Rx. Iodine 131. - subtotal thyroidectomy (5/6 of thyroid removed)

Answer 94

Partial thyroid removed, 5/6th W delay Sx when patient in a euthyroid state

Answer 95

state of having normal thyroid gland function.

Answer 96

-Reverses overacting but can cause hypothyroid

Answer 97

Absorbed into thyroid to destroy tissue but doesn't damage surrounding tissue w pass via urine/saliva over several days. passes faster f younger. depends on dosage S/E: Nausea normal thyroid function - 8-12wks repeat in 6mos if necessary

Answer 98

- past child bearing age - used for ht disease -pts who develop hyperthyroid after surgery - pts who are poor surgical risk -pts w unusually small thyroid glands -see results in 4-6 mos. -normal thyroid function in 1 session for 60% -2nd dose in 3-6 months if needed - some need 2-3 doses Colorless and tasteless

Answer 99

- cordless and tasteless - swallowed in H2O - Administer w latex gloves - latex gloves when disposing of urine feces sheets?

Answer 100

- Thyroid Tendinitis - Radiactive Thyroiditis (w/in first few days/weeks) - Nausea, Vomiting - can lost taste temporarily - can become hypo thrroid

Answer 101

Block production of Thyroid hormones: -PTY 100-154mg - q6-8hrs up to 900mg p/day -Tapazole 5-20mg q8hrs Dailymaintenance 5-15mg / day

Answer 102

- block T3/T4 - can be used long term (1-2yrs) - or to get pt bakc to Euthyroid state - can take up to 3 wks to see improvement of symptoms - after med dc, pt can gradually return to hyperthyroid state - taken on strict schedule

Answer 103

- bone marrow supp - hepatotoxicity - agrandulocytosis - LO WBC (susceptible to infection) - Nephro Toxicity - fetal abnormalities - rash or pruritis (itchy skin) - monitor pts on anticoagulants: PT and PTT (prothrombin time, bleeding time)- black tarry stool, bleeding gums, bruisnig, nose bleeds

Answer 104

-blocks release of thyroid hormone in thyroid storm and hyperthyroidism

Answer 105

- can leave metallic taste in mouth - burning in mouth/throat - not in pregnancy

Answer 106

- stress free environment - limit visitors - quiet/cool room - decreased perspiration - assess skin integrity (for pts perspiring alot) - teach proper head support w turning in bed, sitting, standby (both hands behind head to immobilize when being moved)

Answer 107

liquid leaking from thyroid during removal

Answer 108

Post-Op - voice rest 48hrs, voice checks q2-4hr (check for hoarseness, voice changes. Mild hoarseness expected) - avoid hyperextension of neck - Tracheotomoy tray at bedside (in case need a traech after Sx) - assess for s/s of internal, external bleeding - assess for tetany (LO Ca) - assess for Chvostek's (LO Ca) - carpal pedal ? - Assess for Thyroid crisis - avoid coffee/tea - Some larangeal nerve damage - UP nutrition to support UP metabolism, High Colric Foods - soft foods - B vitamins - bed in semi fowlers (support head/neck w pillows)

Answer 109

Tetany - muscle spasms, face d/t LO Ca

Answer 110

more sensitive, LO Ca | hold BP cuff tight to induce spasm in hand/fingers. Finger w adduct (obstetrician hand)

Answer 111

Light tap of cheeks to see twitching in lips | LO Ca and LO Mg

Answer 112

black tarry stool, bleeding gums, bruisnig, nose bleeds

Answer 113

- rare - usually d/t manipulation of thyroid gland during sx, release hormones - if happens, would in first 12hrs, post op - can result in death within 2 hrs - all S/S exaggerated - N/V - severe tachycardia - HTN - Rapid respiration - UP 106*, hyperthermic - extremely restlessness - cardiac dystrythmia - delerium - HT failure - death

Answer 114

- K iodid - Corticosterioids - anti pirotic - PTU/Tapazole - O2

Answer 115

- LO Na (due to hyper volemia), body not excreting fluid - can have many causes such as diuretics - addison disease - dehydration - vomiting - diarrhea - kidney dysfunction - heart failure - cirrhosis of liver

Answer 116

- insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones - slowing of metabolic pocess - failure or insufficient TSH from PIT

Answer 117

- MORE common than Hyper thyroid - 8% women (30-6-) - 2% men (Over 50)

Answer 118

HYPOthryroidism that develops in ADULTHOOD - H2O retention, puffiness in eye/fcae/feet - fluid can accumulate around HT

Answer 119

congenital HYPOthryroidism (infancy)

Answer 120

- hypothermia (intolerance to cold) - weight gain - depression - impaired memory, slow thought process - lethargic - anorexia - constipation - atherosclerosis ==> CAD (coronary heart disease)

Answer 121

- LO libido (problems w conceiving, repro system, maintaining pregnancy) - menstrual irreg - thin hair - skin thick and dry - enlarged facial appearance (mask like facial) - low, hoarse voice - bradycardia - hypotension - exercise intolerance - LO ability to perform activities - Myxederma Illeus (sluggish illeus) Assess abdomen for distention. Can be reversed w thyroid hormone)

Answer 122

Meds: Thyroid Replacing Hormones - LIFELONG. Can't stop abruptly. Take consistently as Rx or can have Myxedema Coma. - Synthroid (T4) - Levothyroid - Proloid - Cytomel (T3)

Answer 123

loss of brain functioning d/t long standing LO levels of thyroid hormone in blood

Answer 124

``` -TRH test: to determine where defect is. Usually in PIT. (Inject TRH hormone then look at brain to assess uptake.) -patient teaching to take meds on time -see doc regularly -monitor BM -UP Protein/Fiber diet -push fluid -avoid carbs/sugar -remain under care of cardiologist -keep room warm during baths (68-74*) ```

Answer 125

- need baseline weight and bowel habits. - asses early signs of HYPER (when on meds) - obtain labs/bloodwork - consider other medical conditions - avoid OTC meds w Iodine esp when on Synthroid (T4)

Answer 126

- enlarged thyroid d/t LO Iodine - enlargement d/t accumulation of colloid in thyroid follicles - usually d/t insufficient DIETARY intake of Iodine - Blood levels T3 too LO to signal PIT to decrease TSH secretion

Answer 127

- on empty stomach - early am (~6am) - monitor s/s - dont' switch betwn brand and generic

Answer 128

we have Iodized salt and Iodine deficiency is not common in this country

Answer 129

Clinial: usually over or under production of I d/t glands or eating goiter producing foods that suppress manufacturing of TSH. Interferes w thyroids ability to process Iodine.

Answer 130

- soy beans - cabbage - spinach - peanuts - peaches

Answer 131

w pill form thyroid hormones to supply thormone and cause PIT to make less TSH.

Answer 132

- enlarged thyroid gland - dysphagia - hoarseness - dyspnea

Answer 133

- SSKI (Potassium I) blocks release of TSH. - diet UP Iodine - Surgery: thyroidectomy (r/f thyroid storm, bleeding, tetany

Answer 134

- lobster - cranberries - cod - shrimp - baked potatoes - milk - navy beans - yogurt - turkey breast

Answer 135

Prognosis - POOR - rare, 25/1,000,000 in US - UP female, white - UP w age

Answer 136

-malignancy of thyroid tissue, very rare

Answer 137

-firm, FIXED, small, round mass or nodule on thyroid

Answer 138

- total thyroidectomy - thyroid hormone replacement - if metastasis present, radical neck dissection, radiation, chemo, radioactive Iodine (liquid)

Answer 139

Prognosis - GOOD w Rx 30-70yr, women 2ce likely -sometimes d/t chronic renal failure -overactive parathyroid, UP production of PTH (UP Ca in blood, antagonist to Calcitonin) -hypertrophy of one or more parathyroid glands

Answer 140

Parathyroid hormone - ANTAGONIST to Calcitonin ==> UP Ca in blood. (OUT of bones)

Answer 141

naturally occurring hormone. helps regulate calcium levels in body and involved in process of bone building.

Answer 142

- LO Ca = Overstim of muscles (Tetany) | - UP Ca = HT function impaired

Answer 143

- hypercalcemia (UP Ca, leave bones and into blood, demineralization, weak bones) - skeletal pain, pain on weight bearing (legs) - pathological fractures UP risk - kidney stones (UP serum Ca) - constipation - impaired HT function, HTN, Erythmias LO Neuro Function: - fatigue - drowsiness - Nausea - anorexia - personality changes - disorientation - paranoid

Answer 144

- xray (to show decalcification) - blood PTH levels - phosphate levels - bone density measurement - MRI/Cat scan (if suspect tumor)

Answer 145

- Cushing's Syndrome - UP Vit D - tumor

Answer 146

- removal of tumor | - removal of one or more parathyroid glands

Answer 147

- restore E fluids - monitor I and O - Diuretics, Lasix. WONT USE THIAZIDE diruretics because of LO renal extretion of Ca. It leave Ca in body. Will remain hypercalcemic - screen urine for stones w mesh - diet LO Ca (no dairy, antacids) - UP cranberry juice (acidic), LO stone formation

Answer 148

- analgesics for pain - ptx w often retain fluid after surgery and have LO fluid out. - asses for Hypocalcemia (tetany, arythmia, carpal pedal spasms) - Monitor I and O (LO urine output) - CaGluconate (IV for tetany) - teach good body mechanics to prevent patho fractures - screen urine for stone

Answer 149

- LO parathyroid hormone - LO serum Ca - inadvertent removal or destruction of one or more parathyroid glands during thryoidectomy

Answer 150

- neuromuscular hyper-excitability - involuntary and uncontrolled muscle spasms - tetany - laryngeal spasms (diff breathing, up to 60sec) - stidor - cyanosis - parksinson like syndrome - chvosek's and trousseau's signs (LO Ca)

Answer 151

- Calcium Gluconate or Ca Chloride IV | - Vit D (help absorbtion of Ca)

Answer 152

minearl supplement for Ca. Rx for Hypocalcemia In IV, can be irritating, administer SLOWLY (1ml/min) can cause severe necrosis. monitor IV to prevent infultration.

Answer 153

treat hypCa when need FAST UP in Ca. - Ion hormone

Answer 154

- monitor for HYPERcalcemia - vomiting disorientation - weakness - abdominal pain - respiratory distress, adverse response to Ca therapy - syncope (fainting) - bradycardia - hypotension - UP Ca Diet (dk green veges, soy, sardines)

Answer 155

women, 30-50 - excessive CORTICOSTEROIDS, esp Cortison - UP adrenocortical hormones (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids) - Hyperplasia of adrenal tissue, d/t over stim by PIT - tumor in Adrenal Cortex - ACTH secreting tumor outside PIT - overuse of corticosteroid drugs (anti-inflam drugs, Prednisone, Decadron)

Answer 156

Anti Inflamattory | -itching, allergic reactions, asthma, several allergies, skin conditions, exzema, chrons, ulcerative colitis

Answer 157

- moonface (puffy face) - buffalo hump (d/t fat deposits at back of neck) - thin arms/legs (muscle wasting, weakness d/t altered protein metabolism) - hypokalemia, proteinuria (LO K) - UP Ca in urine (kidney stones) - Susceptible to infection (poor would healing, suppressed immune response) - depression - loss of libido (ED in men) - Osteoporoesis (d/t lack of Ca absorbtion ==> Kyphosis) - Memory/Attention dysfunction

Answer 158

- ecchymoses and petechiae (bleeding under skin, broken b vess, loss of collagen/connective tissue) - weight gain d/t fat deposits - adbominal enlargement UP Androgens (male sex hormones) - Hirsutism in women - menstrual irreg - deep voice - acne - amenuria (stop menstruation) - UP muscle mass - body image/self esteem

Answer 159

- adrenalextomy for adrenal tumor - Radiation or removal af PIT tumors (Lysodren, Cytadren) - LO Na, HI K diet

Answer 160

suppresses activity of adrenal cortex. can be toxic to adrenal gland. monitor signs of Hepatotoxicity (jaundice, GI upset, puritis)

Answer 161

inhibits cortisol syntheseis S/E drowsiness, loss appetite, N, anorexia

Answer 162

- UP Plasma Cortisol - urine - ketosteroids - blood work - ACTH levels/X ray (if suspect PIT tumor)

Answer 163

- gentle handling of skin - air flow mattress - turn pt frequently - elbow/heel protectors - talk about feelings - teach re meds - med alert bracelet - wound care

Answer 164

adrenal glands secreting LO Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids d/t - Adrenalectomy - PIT hypofunction - Long time steroid use, abruptly stopped - sever LO cortisol deficiency - can lead to circulatory collaps, shock, death - PRIMARY: Adrenofunction hypofunctioning - SECONDARY: lack of PIT ACTH homone

Answer 165

Adrenofunction hypofunctioning

Answer 166

Lack of PIT ACTH hormone

Answer 167

-SLOW onset -no symptoms until 90% gland destroyed -CA can metasticise ==> Adrenal Gland -

Answer 168

Autoimmune - Adrenal tissue destroyed by Antibodies of pts own Adrenal Cortex.

Answer 169

-Adrenalectomy -TB or other infectoins can lead to hypofunctioning -autoimmune response (MOST COMMON cause) Adrenal tissue destroyed by Antibodies of pts own Adrenal Cortex.

Answer 170

- related to imbalance of hormone, nutrients, E - N/Anorexia - Syncope. Postural Hypotension - HA - Disorientation, Irratibility, Depression - abdominal pain, low back pain - Anxiety - muscle joint pain LO sex hormone, body hair loss, effects WOMEN more.

Answer 171

Cushing affects men, ED

Answer 172

- dark pigments skin and mucous membranes - weight loss - Vomitting - Diarrhea - HYPOglycemia, fatigue - pt complains of deep penetrating leg pain - convulsions - UP temp Adrenal CRISIS - HYPOnatremia - HYPERkalemia - Abnormally HI or LO temp. more commonly HI)

Answer 173

dark pigments skin and mucous membranes (Excess ACTH to produce Melanin. Hyperpigmentation) often pre-ceeds other symptoms by months - years

Answer 174

Adrenal CRISIS - HYPOnatremia - HYPERkalemia - Abnormally HI or LO temp. more commonly HI)

Answer 175

Insuficient or suddenly LO Cortisol d/t - surgery - trauma - sever infection - abrupt off corticosteroid meds

Answer 176

- pt monitored closely for HYPOtension, weak pulse, rapid? - can develop confusion from circulatory collapse, shock, death - cardiac dysrythmias LO K - keep person warm, low light, hydrocortisone infection, Dopamine, Epinepherine

Answer 177

- restore E fluids, balance - replacement of Adrenal hormones (Meds, Florinef) - Diet HI Na and LO K - monitor skin turgor Adrenal Crisis: IV corticosteroids in solution of glu and saline

Answer 178

replace mineralocorticoids

Answer 179

- chromaffin cell tumor, usually in adrenal medulla | - cause excessive EPI and NOR EPI (affect HT, Metabo, BP)

Answer 180

HTN (severe 300/175) | -result in stroke, kidney damage, retinopathy

Answer 181

surgical removal of tumor

X Patient w Endocrine Disorder - Burke Ch 34 Flashcards

(209 cards)