Wx/CRM Flashcards
TAG
Trans-Cockpit Authority Gradient
if the TAG is appropriate, free communication among the crew can be maintained, improving the flight as well as monitoring of the aircraft.
the authority gradient should have a gentle slope towards the capt
ANA decision making process RADAR
R Recognise A Analyse D Develop and decide A Action R Review
Types of threats
Environment ATC Aircraft Crew Support Operational Cabin
how can windshear be detected
TS near airport
difference in upper air temp of 5 deg or more after a front passes though or when movement spd is 30kts or more
large variations in wind direction and speed
blowing dust or similar phenomenon
Name 4 Japan main islands
Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku Kyushu N to S approx 3000km
On the pacific side
the summers are hot and humid with prevailing seasonal winds from the southeast.
the winters are dry and marked by many clear days
on the Sea of Japan side
northwesterly winter winds off the asian continent bring regular, heavy snows that make this one of the snowiest regions on earth.
hot and humid rainy season
all areas except the northern-most island of Hokkaido have the (bai-u) that lasts from early May to late July.
the typhoon season
between june and october, the southwestern part of the archipelago
siberian air mass H
pushes out towards the Pacific over Japan in winter (Dec-Feb) NW winds
high in the west, low in the east (seiko-toutei) winter pressure pattern
the winds dump their snow due to the mountains and run out of energy leaving the other side of the mountains with clear skies
okhotsk sea air mass
appears in the rainy season (May-July)
okhotsk is the name of the sea N of Hokkaido
warm S wind from Ogasawara H and cool N wind from Okhotsk H
the stronger Ogasawara pushes the Bai-u front northward to end the rainy season
ogasawara air mass
usually observed over the Japanese islands during summer JUNE JULY AUGUST
means the name of a group of island, in the pacific
H from Pacific. Hot moist air streams from SE to NW to fill low press areas over siberia
air mass thunderstorms
orographic TS
sea fog
yosuko air mass H
passes east over Japan in spring and autumn
means the name of a river in china
MAR APR MAY
spring storm by low pressure develops over Sea of Japan
May be strong SW wind, bumpy conditions and xwc RJAA
The fall Sept to Oct
polar front moves from N to S and can affect where typhoons are and storms
equatorial air mass
rare
extremely warm and has a high moisture content
Jun-Oct
determination of rain vs snow
need -30 deg on 500hPa
-6 deg on 850 hPa
ground temp of 2-3 degs
jetstream
polar jets 30 deg N and 60 deg N 23-39000
subtropical jet close to 30 deg N 33-52000
upper level jet moves northward during summer, or late spring and summer, southward during cold season, or autumn or winter
Cherry blossoms
In Tokyo late in March or early in April
Nihonkai Low
strong southerlies in late winter, early spring
shows end of winter
The first is called ‘Haru-Ichiban’ the first storm of spring
BECMG
gradual change over a certain threshold.
normally over 2 hours max 4 hrs
WS
observed 1600’ or below in last 30 mins
what is a typhoon
TC in the W Pacific
end of summer August to October main season
bring torrential rain over wide areas and can cause severe disaster
approx 10 come close to Japan per yr with 3 making landfall
typhoon path - follows ridge of Osagawara high
winds over 100kts
rain over 300mm in 24hrs
Japan typhoon wind speeds
In Japan > 34kts
internationally > 64kts
dangerous part of typhoon
the right side of the typhoon, looking in the direction it is moving, has the higher wind speeds
Shurin season
typhoon season
more rain than Bai-u but over shorter period
in autumn
