WWII: American Reactions to Fascist Aggression Flashcards
Fascist Aggression: Japan invaded Manchuria
US Response:
Stimson Doctrine: the US wouldn’t recognize any agreement between Japanese and Chinese that limited free commercial intercourse or that violated US rights or agreements to which the US subscribed
Fascist Aggression: Italy invaded Ethiopia
US Response:
“Moral Embargo” of oil shipments to Italy
Fascist Aggression: Rearmament of Germany
US Response:
Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936: forbid loans and credit to belligerents (Nye Committee: don’t want to be dragged into another war)
Fascist Aggression: Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)- military revolt against Republican gov’t of Spain
US Response:
Neutrality Act of 1937: outlawed trade with Spain, revised the Neutrality Act to include civil wars
Fascist Aggression: Japan invaded China
US Response:
President Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech (10/5/1937): quarantine these aggressor nations to ensure the preservation of peace and freedom throughout the world
Fascist Aggression: Hitler’s takeover of Czechoslovakia
US Response:
Roosevelt’s letter to Mussolini and Hitler asking for assurances against aggression
Fascist Aggression: Hitler’s invasion of Poland
US Response:
Cash and Carry policy: allowed for sale of materials to belligerents as long as the recipients arranged for transport using own ships, paid immediately in cash, and assumed all risk in transportation
Fascist Aggression: Hitler’s invasion of Norway and the low countries
US Response:
US froze German assets
Fascist Aggression: Fall of France
US Response:
Destroyer Deal with England and Conscription Act: the US gave Britain fifty aging destroyers in exchange for the use of naval and air bases in 8 British possessions (Conscription? the Draft!)
The Draft:
Ages from __ to __; __ million eligible young men; no __; In 1942, expanded to men __ to __; 1943: once __ was filled, blacks were allowed to be drafted
21 to 36; 20; blacks; 18 to 37; quota
Fascist Aggression: Japan’s invasion of Indochina
US Response:
Embargo against Japan
Fascist Aggression: Battle of Britain
US Response:
Lend-Lease: US will supply allied nations with food, oil, and material (warships and weapons); aid was free; In return, the US was given leases army and naval bases in Allied territory during the war
Describe Hitler’s Invasion of Russia
Called Operation Barbarossa; broke nonaggression pact, try to get all major Russian cities
Fascist Aggression: Hitler’s Invasion of Russia
US Response:
Atlantic Charter: broad statement of US and British war aims (eight “common principles”)
Describe Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor
All 8 battleships are hit, 4 sunk, 2403 killed, 1178 wounded
