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US History II > WWI > Flashcards

WWI Flashcards

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1
Q

The Beautiful Age (peaceful time before WWI), everything ahead looks beautiful

A

Belle Epoque

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2
Q

What is the symbol of the Beautiful Age?

A

Titanic

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3
Q

What are the 4 causes of WWI?

A

Militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and alliances

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4
Q

belief or desire of a gov’t or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests

A

militarism

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5
Q

the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies

A

imperialism

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6
Q

spirit or aspirations common to the whole of a nation; excessive patriotism

A

nationalism

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7
Q

3 members of the Triple Alliance

A

Austria-HungaryGermanyThe Ottoman Empire

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8
Q

3 members of the Triple Entente

A

RussiaFranceBritain

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9
Q

What happened in June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo that sparked WWI? (capital of Bosnia)

A

Archduke Ferdinand (heir to A-H throne) and Sophie were assasinated by Gavrilo Princip who was a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand who wanted the A-H throne

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10
Q

What happened on July 28, 1914?

A

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia b/c of Ferdinand’s assassination

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11
Q

What happened on July 30, 1914?

A

Russia mobilizes in defense of Serbia

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12
Q

Who was a part of the Triple Alliance (Central Powers) and their leaders?

A

1) Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm I2) Austria-Hungary: Emperor Franz Joseph3) Ottoman Empire: Sultan Mehmed V4) Italy was a part of the Triple Alliance but didn’t join at the beginning of the war

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13
Q

Who was a part of the Triple Entente (Allies) and their leaders?

A

1) Great Britain: Prime minister David Lloyd George and King George V2) France: Georges Clemenceau3) Russia: Tsar Nicholas II4) Serbia, Belgium, Japan5) 1915- Italy joins, 1917- USA joins

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14
Q

Planned in 1891. Carried out by German Commander __ __. Requires a strict timeline, knock out France before Russia can mobilize

A

Schlieffen PlanVon Moltke

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15
Q

Describe the Schlieffen Plan

A

Attack France through Belgium, capture Paris, France surrenders, 6 weeks later the German army moves to take on Russia, requires harsh treatment of civilians

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16
Q

__ __ leads Belgium and fights. Describe what Belgium did

A

King Albertputs up a defense & throws off timetable of the Schlieffen Plan

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17
Q

Germans capture and execute her for helping the Allies in Belgium

A

Nurse Sister Edith Cavell

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18
Q

__ lost to Germany in 1871. France attacks to get __ __ back while Germans head to Paris

A

Napoleon IIIAlsace-Lorraine

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19
Q

Describe the trenches

A

Stretch from English channel to Swiss border. By 1916, so long they could circle earth 2 times. Flanks disappear (sides). Barbed wire

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20
Q

Area in between trenches where there were no survivors

A

No Man’s Land

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21
Q

Describe soldier’s experience in trenches

A

Lots of downtime, boredom, tension, lice, disease, rats, bad weather, cold wet winter, trench foot, frostbite, gangrene, pools of water people drowned in, self inflicted wound

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22
Q

Life in trenches was an __ __ so close to the __ __

A

unreal nightmarereal world

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23
Q

used heavily, help the defense more

A

machine guns

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24
Q

burn everything in their path

A

flame throwers

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25
Q

Air battles planes went into

A

Dog Fights

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26
Q

Who was known as the Red Baron for having many kills in war?

A

Manfred von Richthofen

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27
Q

father of American Air Force

A

Billy Mitchelll

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28
Q

German submarines (unterseeboot)

A

U-boats

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29
Q

Describe German submarines

A

1st effective use of submarines; sinking enemy ships around British isles increasing; no warning or chance of surrender

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30
Q

NY to London, sank in 22 minutes; 1198 people died, 128 were American

A

May 7, 1915: Sinking of the Lusitania

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31
Q

Germans would stop such attacks if Britain would lift blockade; kindermood-killing of children

A

Sussex Pledge

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32
Q

Describe the defensive strategy: Elan Vital- Cult of Offense

A

Offense is preferred because you are in charge; You can justify loses when you are on offense; politician meddle and want offense; modern weapons give advantage to defense

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33
Q

Describe gas attacks

A

April 1915: Poison gas used; cause overproduction of fluid in the lungs that cause you to drown; known as “Blistering Mustard”; very dependent on wind; rapid development of effective respirators

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34
Q

Describe election of 1916

A

Republican: Charles Evan HughesDemocrat: Woodrow Wilson, “He kept us out of the war”

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35
Q

Describe Wilson’s idea for a Peace Movement

A

Wants US to commit national prestige to the cause of international peace rather than conquest; Secretary of State Bryan will resign

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36
Q

Why does US enter WWI?

A

Russian RevolutionRenewed Submarine attacksUS exportsZimmerman Letter

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37
Q

Describe Tsar Nicholas II Regime Collapse

A

Wilson couldn’t morally say to fight for democracy with an autocratic nation as an all; Russia had a fledgling democracy (not for long); if defeating Germany helped totalitarianism in Russia, Wilson wouldn’t fight; Wilson can say he is fighting for democracy

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38
Q

Why did Germany choose to resume submarine attacks?Germans realize that the renewed __ __ would likely lead to US involvement; Germany feels it is worth the gamble if it keeps ___ from receiving food and munitions; war could be over before the __ gets involved; US merchant ship sunk in February 1917, US expels __ __; More __ merchant ships are __

A

u-boat attacksBritainUSGerman Ambassadorunarmedsunk

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39
Q

Why did the US declare war?

A

Zimmerman Letter

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40
Q

Describe Wilson’s saying “The world must be made safer for democracy”

A

Fight for what we always carried nearest to our hearts, to have a voice in gov’t, to have rights and liberties

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41
Q

What does the US do when entering the war?

A

mobilizes

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42
Q

What can we as Americans do to help war effort?

A

Eat less meat and less breadFood will win the war

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43
Q

What can industries do to help the war effort?

A

create several centralized federal agencies

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44
Q

Set production priorities, established centralized gov’t control over raw material and prices

A

War Industries Board - by Barnard Baruch

45
Q

use incentives for industries to increase basic food stuff and put into place an effective distribution center to get food to those who need it

A

Food Administration - by Herbert Hoover

46
Q

Shifted railroad control from private to public, allowed goods to get quickly to the east coast and loaded onto ships

A

US Railroad Administration - by William McAdoo

47
Q

Supply allies with combat aircraft and merchant vessels

A

Aircraft Production Board and Emergency Fleet Corporation

48
Q

Begins daylight savings time and closes nonessential factories

A

Fuel Administration - by Harry Garfield

49
Q

Labor in WWI: Women

A

As men drafted, jobs are taken by women; over 1 million women join the workforce; convinces Wilson to fully support 19th Amendment

50
Q

Labor in WWI: African Americans

A

Took advantage of job openings and moved to North

51
Q

Labor in WWI: Mexicans

A

Revolution in Mexico; Thousands come to US for jobs in agriculture and industry

52
Q

Wages rose, 8 hour workday, union membership rose

A

National War Labor Board - by William Taft

53
Q

How do we finance the war?

A

Liberty bonds

54
Q

Liberty Bonds:Secretary of Treasury: __ __. US raises $ __ billion in 2 years by a combination of __ and __. Convince people to save money by investing in __ __ __

A

William McAdoo33loans & taxesfederal savings bonds

55
Q

US Exports:1914: US exporting over __ million in goods. To Germany and Austria-Hungary, the US is trading about __ million (By 1916, US is trading less than __ million)

A

8001601

56
Q

Use __ __ and __ __ to ensure public support

A

patriotic persuasionlegal intimidation

57
Q

Created by __ __. Enlist volunteer services of artists, writers, and movie stars. Hate the Hun campaign

A

Committee of Public InformationGeorge Creel

58
Q

Anti-German feeling:Not allowed to play __. 18th amendment- __ __. Sauerkraut was called __ __ and hamburger was called __ __

A

Beethovenbanned alcoholLiberty cabbageLiberty steak

59
Q

Restricted trade with countries hostile to the US

A

Trading with the Enemy Act 1917

60
Q

Restricted the type of people who would be allowed into the US

A

Immigration Restriction Act 1917

61
Q

Civil liberties were curtailed in __ __

A

Wartime repression

62
Q

Imprison for 20 years who try to incite rebellion in armed forces or try to obstruct operation of the draft

A

Espionage Act 1917

63
Q

Prohibit people from making disloyal or abusive remarks about US gov’t

A

Sedition Act

64
Q

Socialist leader who was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison for speaking out against the war

A

Eugene Debs

65
Q

Describe the Schenck vs the United States case

A

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. Upheld the constitutionality of the Sedition Act. Man distributed leaflets about war. Court said you can limit a citizen’s rights if there is a clear and present danger

66
Q

Draft men (18-45) irrespective of wealth, background, or social standing. 24 million register

A

Selective Service Act 1917

67
Q

Draft _ million, _ million are volunteers

A

32

68
Q

African American Soldiers:__ served in __ units, barred from the __. Few were allowed to be __. Soldiers of the __ (__ NY) won the Croix de Guerre (highest French honor)

A

400000segregatedMarinesofficers369th15th

69
Q

US Navy- Convoy System:US and British naval commanders grouped __ __ into convoys. Provide them with warship __ (armed destroyers with death chargers. By end of 1917, tonnage lost dropped by __

A

merchant shipsescort2/3

70
Q

Important people in Aviation History: __ __: Fighter ace and medal of honor winner, 26 aerial victories. __ __: father of US airforce

A

Eddie RickenbackerBilly Mitchell

71
Q

Most famous aviation death of WWI: __ __

A

TR’s son

72
Q

Ranked 17th in the world. Commander __ __

A

American Expeditionary Force (AEF) John Pershing

73
Q

Germans launch massive attack around Paris in March 1917. What did German hope for?

A

Hope to end war before Americans arrive

74
Q

May 1918: Germans launch mass assault, move 10 miles a day, fastest pace since the start of the war, US arrives just in time to stop

A

Battle of Chateau - Thierry on the Marne River

75
Q

Allies launch a counterattack

A

Battle of Bellau Wood

76
Q

September 1918: One of the first solo offensives by the American. Goal (to capture city in __ hands) was not realized so Americans turn efforts elsewhere

A

Battle of Saint-Mihiel

77
Q

September 1918: last line of German defenses. Allies break through

A

Hindenburg Line

78
Q

Millions of allied troops advance across 200 miles inside the Argonne forest in France, cut German supply lines. By October 1918, Allies reach the German border

A

Battle of Meuse - Argonne Forest

79
Q

One of the most decorated soldiers. Battle of the Meuse-Argonne. Won Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a __ __ __ nest. Took 32 machine guns, killed 28 Germans, captured 132

A

Sergeant Alvin YorkGerman machine gun

80
Q

How many americans died in WWI? Who has most deaths worldwide?

A

126000Russia

81
Q

March 1918: Treaty between Russia and Germany (Central powers) to end Russia’s participation in WWI

A

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

82
Q

When was the armistice made? What did it do immediately?

A

November 11, 1918Germany surrenders army, navy, and will leave occupied territory

83
Q

Can there be a peace treaty to stop such slaughter again?

A

Wilson’s answer: Fourteen Points

84
Q

What did the 14 points state?

A

New world order based on peace and justice

85
Q

What were Wilson’s 5 broad principles for securing peace?

A

1) freedom of the seas2) end secret treaties3) reduction of national armaments4) self determination of nationalities with Austria-Hungary5) League of nations

86
Q

What was the League of Nations?

A

international parliament and judiciary to resolve disputes peacefully

87
Q

Where did the meeting occur in 1919 for the Peace Conference?

A

Versailles, Paris

88
Q

Who was in the Big Four?

A

D L George- Great BritianG Clemenceau - FranceV Orlando - ItalyW Wilson - USA

89
Q

Wilson decides to travel to __. First time sitting president has gone to __. Big mistake: asked no __ to come with him, __ in Senate are not happy about that

A

EuropeEuropeRepublicansRepublicans

90
Q

__, __, & __ want revenge and compensation

A

England, France, & Italy

91
Q

Describe what happened with the Treaty of Versailles

A

Germany was disarmed, stripped of colonies in Africa and Asia, admit guilt, accept French occupation of the Rhineland, and pay reparations

92
Q

Independence given to __, __, __, __, & __

A

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, and Poland

93
Q

New nations: __ & __

A

Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

94
Q

Signers of Treaty join __ __ __

A

League of Nations

95
Q

What part of gov’t ratifies treaties?

A

Senate

96
Q

Republican response:__: R Lafollette__: H C Lodge

A

IrreconcilablesReservationists

97
Q

Wilson decides to tour the __ to convince the people, but he suffers a __

A

countrystroke

98
Q

Senate rejects the __ __ __. Won’t accept while __ is president. 1921: US officially ends war with Germany in a __ __

A

Treaty of VersaillesWilsonseparate treaty

99
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:Demobilization:Takes jobs from __ and __ __. 1921: __ recession, 10% of workforce __

A

womenAfrican Americansunemployed

100
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:many people died

A

Spanish flu

101
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:communist takeover of Russia

A

Red Scare

102
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:leader of Communist Revolution

A

Lenin

103
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:growing fear of worldwide __

A

socialism

104
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:Palmer Raids:Series of unexplained __. One at attorney general __ __. Ordered raids on suspected __ without __ __. Suspected __ held for weeks without formal charges. Creates special office under __ __ to gather info on radicals

A

BombingsA PalmerRadicalsSearch WarrantsCommunistsJ Hoover

105
Q

Postwar problems in the US to consider:Labor Conflicts:__ regarded with distrust. Fear worldwide __. Strikes of 1919: February- 60000 __ __ strike for higher pay, September- __ __ goes on strike, state & federal troops called and violence ensues

A

Unionsrevolutionshipyard workersUS Steel

106
Q

What happens in September 1919?

A

Boston police strike

107
Q

Describe Boston police strike

A

Go on strike because people were fired for trying to unionize. Governor of Massachusetts- Calvin Coolidge sends in the National Guard

108
Q

Describe Race riots and violence

A

Black migration north increased tension. Whites resented competition for jobs. Chicago 1919: 40 killed, 500 injured. Increased lynchings in the South

US History II (28 decks)

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