written questions-test one Flashcards
What are different sources of knowledge? which are more appropriate for science
intuition and authority (what most people use)
the scientific approach
when one relies on uses intuition one…
accepts unquestionably about your own personal judgment or a single story abour one persons experience
what is the fundamental characteristic of the scientific approach
empiricism
The scientific approach relies on
what are particular ways of thinking that science employs to explain events
skepticism
empiricism (data thats inconsistant with theory can disprove it but data that supports a theory only SUPPORTS it)
falsifiability
how does one detect pseudoscience
has escape hatches and loopholes (this immunizes claims of fallibility)
emphasis on confirmation rather than refutation
puts burden of proof on skeptics
relies on anecdotal and testimonial evidence to substitute claims
absence of “connictivity” (failure to build on existing scientific knowledge)
use of impressive sounding jargon
what are the four goals of behavioral scientific research
description of behavior
predict behavior
determination of cause of behavior
understand or explanation behavior
description of behavior can be
something directly observable (running speed, loudness of speech, eye gaze, loudness of laughter)
something less observable (like sself reports on perceptions of attractiveness)
prediction of behavior
once it has been observed with some regularity that two events are systematically related to each other, it becomes possible to make predictions)
determining cause of behavior
even if we can predict behavior, we cant always determine its cause
to know how to change behavior, we need to know the cause of behavior
how do we determine cause of behavior
temporal precedence
co-variation of cause and effect
alternative explanations
explanation of behavior
determining cause of behavior and explaining behavior are particularly close) it is difficult to know the true cause of every behavior
