Ch 11

Question 1

Quasi experiment design

Answer 1

Hybrid between true and field experiment

Question 2

Types of quasi experiment designs

Answer 2

One group designs

Noneqivalent control group designs

Question 3

Single case experimental designs

Answer 3

Also called single subject designs.

An experiment in which the effect of the independent variable is assessed using data from a single participant

Question 4

Baseline

Answer 4

In a single case design, the subject later behavior during a control period before the introduction of the experimental manipulation

Question 5

Reversal design

Answer 5

Called ABA design and requires observation

A(baseline period)>B(treatment period)>A(baseline period)

Sometimes call d withdrawal design

Question 6

Multiple baseline designs

Answer 6

Effectiveness we of treatment is demonstrated when a behavior changes only after the manipulation is introduced.

Change must be observed in multiple circumstances to rule out the possibility that other events were responsible

Used when long lasting change in behavior is not reversible

Question 7

Across subjects

Answer 7

The behavior of several subjects is measured over time, for each subject; manipulation is introduced at a different point in time

Question 8

Across behaviors

Answer 8

Several different behaviors of a single subject are measured over time

At different times, the same manipulation is applied to each of the behaviors

Question 9

Across situations

Answer 9

The same behavior is measured in different settings such as home and work

Manipulation is introduced at a different time in each setting

Question 10

Variations of multiple baseline design

Answer 10

Across subjects

Across behaviors

Across situations

Question 11

Quasi experimental designs allow..

Answer 11

the need to study the effect of an independent variable in settings in which the control features of true experimental design can not be achieved

Question 12

Where are quasi experiment designs most likely to occur

Answer 12

School, business, hospital, or entire city or state

Question 13

Pre experimental quasi experimental designs

Answer 13

One group post test only design

One group pre test post test only design

Question 14

Participants>sit n cat to stranger>measure time until stranger leaves

Is an example of

Answer 14

On group post test only design (a quasi experiment design)

Question 15

Participants>smoking measure>training program>smoking measure

Is an example of

Answer 15

One group pre test post test design

Question 16

History effects

Answer 16

An T that occurs at the same time as the experimental manipulation

Is a confounding variable

Question 17

Maturation effects

Answer 17

Any changes that occur systematically over time

Question 18

Testing effects

Answer 18

A threat to internal validity in which taking a pretest changes behavior without any effect on the independent variable

Can happen after pre test

Question 19

Instrument decay

Answer 19

When changes in outcome occur during to changes in observer

Ex-become fatigue or motivation

Question 20

Regression toward the mean (also called statistical regression)

Answer 20

Occurs whenever participants are selected because they score extremely high or low on some variable

When their scores are tested again, it may change in the direction toward the mean

Question 21

Nonequalivent control group desig

Answer 21

Employs a separate control group but the participants in the two conditions (experiment and control group) are not equivalent

Not through random assignment

Question 22

Nonequilvant control group design uses____to chose participants

Answer 22

Selection differences

Question 23

Nonequilvent pretest post test design

Answer 23

A quest experimental design in which nonequivlent groups ar used but a pretest allows assessment of equivalency and pretest post test changes

Question 24

Propensity score

Answer 24

Scores on variables combined

statistical matching technique that attempts to estimate the effect of a treatment,

Question 25

Propensity score matching

Answer 25

When individuals in treatment and control groups are matched on propensity scores

Question 26

Interpreted time series design

Answer 26

Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by examining a series of measurements made over an extended time period both before and after the treatment is introduced

The treatment is not random at any point

Question 27

How to improve interrupted time series design

Answer 27

Control series design

Question 28

Control series design

Answer 28

An extension of the interrupted time series quasi experiment design in which there is a comparison or control group

Question 29

Cross sectional method

Answer 29

Person of different ages are studies at only one point in time

Question 30

Longitudinal method

Answer 30

Same group of people observed at different points in time as they grow older

Question 31

Cohort

Answer 31

A group of people born at about the same time, exposed to the same events in a society and influenced by the same demographic trends such as divorce rates and family size

Question 32

Cohort effects

Answer 32

Differences in different cohorts depending on what they were raised with

Question 33

Sequential method

Answer 33

A compromise between longnitinal and cross sectional methods

A combination of the cross sectional and longnitudial design to study developmental research questions

Question 34

Developmental psych uses …

Answer 34

Cross sectional studies

Longnitudial studies

Question 35

What are some problems with experimental methods

Answer 35

Experimenter expectancy effect (also known as rosenthal effect)

Participant expectancy (demand characteristics/placebo)