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Research Methods > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Called field work or field observation

When researcher makes observations in natural environment

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2
Q

Ways to go about naturalistic observation

A

Observe from distance

Interview key “informants” to provide inside info

Use audio and video recording

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3
Q

What does a good naturalistic observation analysis report have

A

It has support of the anysis by using multiple confirmation

Ex-similar events occurring, several times, similar info

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4
Q

Qualitative vs quantitative data

A

Qualitative is closer to phenomena being studied than statistical representations

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5
Q

NonParticipant observer

A

Observing from the outside and isn’t a part of the setting

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6
Q

Participant observation.

A

Inside setting: allows researcher to observe the setting from the inside

They are able to experience events the same way was natural participants

Not concealed.

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7
Q

What’s a problem with participant observation

A

Lose the objectivity necessary to conduct scientific observation

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8
Q

Concealed observation pros

A

It is less reactive since people done know they’re being watched

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9
Q

Systematic observation

A

Refers to the careful observation of one more more SPECIFIC behaviors in a particular setting

Observations are quantifiable

Has developed hypothesis

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10
Q

Coding system

A

A method on how one analyzes and measures behavior

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11
Q

Reactivity

A

The possibility that the presence of the observer will affect people’s behaviors

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12
Q

How does one study using systematic observation

A

Usually through audio or video recording

Had to be aware of reactivity

Has to have reliability

Sampling (when samples of behavior are taken over a long period of time)

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13
Q

Sampling in systematic observations

A

When samples of behavior are taken over a long period of time

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14
Q

Case study

A

Provides description of an individual (usually a person but could be a business, school, or neighborhood)

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15
Q

Psychobiography

A

A type of case study where a researcher applies psychological theory to explain life of the individual

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16
Q

Archival research

A

Involves using previously complied into to answer research questions

Researcher does not collect original data, but analyzed existing data such as statistics that are part of public record

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17
Q

Content analysis

A

Systematic analysis of existing documents

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18
Q

Survey archives

A

Consist of data from surveys that are stored on computers and available to researchers who wish to analyze them

19
Q

Ex post facto design

A

Quasi experimental study examining how an independent variable, present prior to the study in the participant, affects the dependent variable

20
Q

Even though dreams are most likely to be recalled during rapid eye movement sleep, and ya movements would be considered low in _____as a measure of dreaming

A

Face validity

21
Q

A measure of mechanical ability would have a predictive validity of people scoring high on the measure of mechanical ability also

A

Successfully complete a mechanical training course

22
Q

The value of cronbachs alpha is based off the average of

A

All inter item correlation coefficients and the number of items in the measure

23
Q

Betty wants to determine if types of products advertised on television vary depending on the time of day. Which type of archival research approach would you suggest she employ to best address her question

A

Content analysis

24
Q

Content analysis

A

Determines presence of variable within some qualitative data (text, tv, news paper, historical documents)

25
Q

Lauren usually receives excellent ratings of her performance on the basketball court. However, he coach rates her performance in today’s game much lower than normal because her teammates had an exceptionally good game. Which effect may be responsible for lowering her ratings

A

Counterbalancing

26
Q

In the revival design, ABAB, the second B period is necessary to rule out..

A

Chance fluctuations

27
Q

If rats in a maze run faster when food is present than when food is absent, this demonstrates….

A

Covariation between variables

28
Q

____is an indicator of reliability in which the researcher calculates the correlation of each idem with every other idem

A

Cronbachs alpha

29
Q

When you read about the reliability of a measure, the correlation coefficient is usually called a..:

A

Reliability coefficient

30
Q

Research that examines the relationship between a measure and the criterion behavior at the same time is assessing which type of validity

A

Concurrent

31
Q

In developing coding systems, they should be..

A

As simple as possible

32
Q

Types of order effects

A

Practice

Fatigue

Carryover

33
Q

When writing out an experimental design, what does the R stand for

A

Random assignment

34
Q

A school administrator wants to examine the effect of student lockers on class tardiness. He compares tardiness records of a school with no lockers to a school with lockers: what type of design is this?

A

Nonequilivent control group

35
Q

Variations of multiple baseline design

A

Across subjects

Across behavior

Across situations

36
Q

Experimental control

A

Consistency

37
Q

How to eliminate the influence of confounding third variables on the DV

A

Experimental control

Randomization

38
Q

Problem with field experiments

A

Lack control of extraneous variables

39
Q

What are the two categories of expectancy effects

A

Participant expectancy effects

Experimented expectancy effects

40
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Refers to an experimental artifact where participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and unconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation

41
Q

What is experimenter bias also known as

A

Rosenthal effects

42
Q

Teachers consistently treat attractive children favorably to unattractive children is an example of

A

Rosenthal effect

43
Q

Solutions of expectancy effects

A

Automation

Blinded experiments

44
Q

What is automation

A

Using scripts for interaction with participants

Use computers if stimuli and recording answers

Research Methods (17 decks)

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