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Year 2 - Movement > Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three groups of bone in the wrist and hand

A

8 carpal bones of the wrist
5 metacarpals
phalanges (thumb 2, fingers 3)

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2
Q

which bones make up the proximal wrist

A 
lateral to medial 
scaphoid (articulates with radius) 
lunate (articulates with radius) 
triquetrum 
pisiform
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3
Q

which bones make up the distal row of the wrist

A 
lateral to medial 
trapezium 
trapezoid 
capital 
hamate
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4
Q

what are metacarpals made up of

A

base, shaft and head

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5
Q

what do the phalanges consist of

A

thumb - proximal and distal

finger - proximal middle and distal

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6
Q

what are carpometacarpal joints

A

between metacarpals and distal row of the carpal bones

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7
Q

what makes up the first caropmetacarpal joint

A

metacarpal 1 and trapezium

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8
Q

what bones of the wrist compose 2-5 carpometacarpal joints

A

2nd - trapezoid
3rd - capitate
4th/5th - capitate

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9
Q

what are metacarpophalangeal joints

A

condylar joints

related metacarpals and the proximal phalanges

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10
Q

what movements can the metacarophalanageal joints do and what are they protected by

A

flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction and rotation
palmar ligament and collateral ligaments

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11
Q

what are the four walls of the carpal tunnel

A

roof = flexor digitorum
medial wall = pisiform and hook of hamate
lateral = scaphoid and trapezium

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12
Q

what structures travel through the carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum superficlis and profundus (deep)
flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

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13
Q

what is the thenar eminence

A

three muscles in area at base of thumb
opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis
these muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve

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14
Q

describe the structure and role of the opponens pollicis

A 
largest of thenar muscles 
deep 
O = tubercle of trapezium and flexor reticulum 
I = lateral margin of metacarpal 1
rotates and flexes meta 1 on trapezium
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15
Q

describe the structure and function of the abductor pollicis brevis

A

overlies opponens and proximal to flexor pollicis brevis
O = tubercles scaphoid and trapezium
I = lateral base of proximal phalanx + extensor hood
abducts thumb

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16
Q

describe the stricture and function of the flexor polliicis brevis

A

distal to abductor pollicis
O = tubercle of trapezium
I = lateral side, base proximal phalanx
flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

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17
Q

what is the hypothenar eminence

A

opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi
swelling on medial side of palm
innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

18
Q

describe the structure and role of the of opponens digiti minimi

A

deepest of three
O = hook of hamate
I = medial margin and palmar surface of metacarpal 5

19
Q

describe the structure and role of the of abductor digiti minimi

A

overlies opponens
O = pisiform, pisohamate ligament
I = medial side base of proximal phalanx of little finger into extensor hood
principle abductor

20
Q

describe the structure and role of the of flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

lateral to abductor minimi
O = hook of hamate
I = same as abductor
flexes at metacarpophalengeal point

21
Q

apart from the thenar and hypotheanr emnincens what are the other muscles of the hand

A

interossei
adductor pollicis
lumbrical muscles

22
Q

what are the two types of lumbricals

A

medial, bipennate
O = tendon of FDP, little and ring, middle and ring
I = laterally into extensor hood
innervated by deep branch of ulnar

lateral, unipennate
O = tendon of FDP middle and index
I = laterally into extensor hood
digital branches of median

they flex metacarpophalangeal but extend interphalangeal

23
Q

what are the two types of interossei muscles

A

dorsal and palmar

24
Q

describe the structure an d function of the dorsal interosseous muscles

A

4 bipinnate between shafts of metacarpal bones on the dorsal aspect of hand
insert into proximal phalanx
1st - largest, lateral side of index
2nd / 3rd - lateral and medial side of middle finger
4th - medial side of 5th finger

flexion and extension, major abductors of index, middle and ring at metacarpophalangeal

25
Q

describe the structure and function of the palmar interosseous muscles

A

anterior to dorsal interosseoi
unipennate
1 isn’t always present but 2,3,4 are
medial on index finger but lateral on ring and little
adduct thumb, index, ring and little, flexion and extension due to passing through extensor hood

26
Q

what is the difference between palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles

A

PAD - palmar adduct

DAB - dorsal abduct

27
Q

what is the role of the adductor pollicis

A

triangular muscle
transverse (MC 3) and oblique head (base MC 2 and 3)
inserts into base of proximal phalanx of thumb and into extensor hood
adductor and opposes digits for gripping

28
Q

what forms the extensor hood

A

tendons of the extensor digitorum and extensor pollicis longus

29
Q

which tendons join into the extensor hood

A

extensor digiti minimi

extensor indicis, extensor pollicis brevis

30
Q

what is the benefit of the extensor hood

A

allows intrinsic muscles of the hand to produce complex delicate movements of the digits

31
Q

what are the all muscles that attach to the extensor hood

which anchor the hood

A

index, middle, ring, little, lumbrical, inyterossei, abductor digiti minimi

adductor pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis

32
Q

what is responsible for the fine movement of the upstroke in writing

A

flex at MCP but extending the IPJ

intrinsic muscles working through extensor hood

33
Q

what two main arteries supply the hand

A

radial - mainly to supply the tumblebug and the lateral side of the index finger

ulnar - medial side of index finger and reset of digits

34
Q

what happens to the ulnar artery when it reaches the hand

A

splits into superficial player arch and deep
from superior - common palmar digital arteries
superior anastomoses with radial artery

35
Q

describe the route of the radial artery in the hand

A

enters dorsally anastomoses with the deep palmar arch which gives rise to 5 arteries supplying the digits

36
Q

where does the ulnar artery and radial artery end in the hand

A

ulnar terminates at the superficial arch

radial terminates at the deep arch

37
Q

where do the cephalic and basilic veins originate

A

C - lateral side of dorsal - passes over snuffbox

B - medial side passes into dorsomedial aspect of forearm

38
Q

describe the cutaneous innervation of the median nerve to the hand

A

C6
palmer aspect of thumb, index, middle and half of ring
dorsal aspect - distal phalanges of lateral 3.5 digits

39
Q

describe the cutaneous innervation of the /radial nerve of the hand

A

C7

mainly dorsal apart from anterior lateral aspect of thumb, dorsal of first 3.5 digs excluding the tips

40
Q

describe the cutaneous innervation of the ulnar nerve of the hand

A

C8
palmar - lateral 1.5 digits
dorsal lateral 1.5 digits

Year 2 - Movement (14 decks)

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