Foot Flashcards
how many tarsal bones are there in the foot
7
describe the orientation of the tarsal bones and what they are
2 bones in the proximal group (talus and calcaneus)
1 in the intermediate (navicular)
4 distal
from lateral to medial - cuboid then lateral, intermediate and medial cuneiform bones
what makes the longitudinal arch of the foot
posterior end of calcaneus and the heads of the metatarsals - highest on the medial side
what makes the transverse arch
highest in the coronal plane which cuts through the head of the talus and disappears near the heads of th metatarsals
how are the arches of the foot supported
ligaments - plantar calcaneonvaicular (spring), plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar), plantar a-neurosis and long plantar
muscles - anterior and posterior tibialis, finularis longus
what are the intrinsic muscles of the foot
originate and insert in the foot
extensor digitorum brevis and exyensor hallucis brevis on he dorsal aspect of the foot - all others are on the plantar side of the foot
what is the main role of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
modify the actions of long tendons and generate fine movements of the toes
what are all intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by (expect which)
medial and lateral plantar branches of the tibial nerve
extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis innervated by the deep fibular nerve
which muscles are in the 1st layer of the foot ie most superficial plantar
from medial to lateral
abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
which muscles make up the second plantar layer in the foot
associated with the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (pass through layer)
also quadratus plantar and four lumbricals
which muscles make up the third layer of the plantar foot
flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis (great toe)
flexor digiti minimi brevis (little toe)
what are the muscles of the 4th layer ie deepest plantar muscles of the foot
dorsal (superior) and plantar interossei
where do arteries of the foot come from
branches of the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis
describe the arterial supply of the tibial artery and the plantar arch
posterior tibial artery enter through tarsal tunnel on medial ankle (palpable between medial malleolus and heel)
posterior tibial artery splits into medial plantar artery and larger lateral plantar artery
describe the route of the lateral plantar artery
anteriolaterlaly to sole of foot - base of metatarsal 5 and becomes deep plantar arch - then joins with deep plantar artery of dorsalis pedis which enters the sole on the dorsal side of the foot
describe the path of the medial plantar artery
along deep medial aspect and joins digital branch of deep plantar arch which supplies medial side of great toe
describe the origin and route o the dorsalis pedis artery
continuation of the anterior tibial artery and crosses ankle joint - crosses dorsal aspect of tarsals - it has three branches
what do the superficial veins of the foot drain into
dorsal venous arch on dorsal surface of metatarsals
what are the two major veins in the foot
great saphenous vein from medial side of arch and passes to medial malleolus to medial side of leg
small saphenous vein 0 lateral side of larch and passes posterior to the lateral malleolus and onto back of leg
what three nerves from the leg enter and supply the foot
tibial nerve
deep fibular
superficials fibular
what are the branches of the tibial nerve in the foot
sural nerve (s1) saphenous nerve (L4) medial (L4/5) and lateral plantar nerves (s1)
why is diabetes important in nerves of the foot
diabetes can accuse peripheral neuropathy - sensation of the feet is impaired which can lead to foot ulcers
describe the dermatomes of the sole of foot
very lateral to posterior margin = sural nerve (s1)
5th and lateral half 4th down to just before heel = lateral plantar (s1)
medial half 4th to great toe to heel = medial plantar nerve (L4/5)
middle of medial aspect = saphenous nerve (l4)
heel = tibial nerve
describe the dermatomes of the dorsal foot
tips of toes = medial plantar nerve (L4/5)
majority of top of foot = superficial fibular nerve (L4/5)
lateral margin = sural nerve (s1)
medial posterior = saphenous nerve (L4)
between big toe and second toe = deep fibular
