Clinical Lectures

Question 1

who are common patients with shoulder pain

Answer 1

common, 20-30% in elderly with 70% being rotator cuff disease

Question 2

who are more affected by shoulder pain

Answer 2

women due to lack of testosterone

Question 3

what kinds of people have common shoulder injury

Answer 3

javelin
martial arts
rugby
elderly

Question 4

what is the difference between active and passive movement and what do they test

Answer 4

active - they move themselves to test muscles and tendons

passive - performed by doctor to test capsules and joints

Question 5

what causes common impingement injuries in the shoulder

Answer 5

tendon becomes inflamed and rubs against bone within sub-acromial space

Question 6

what is frozen shoulder, who is more susceptible

Answer 6

adhesive capsulitis - pain in all movements in GH cavity

2-3% of non-diabetics, rare and usually in people older than 40

Question 7

what are the clinical features of frozen shoulder

Answer 7

10-20% have DM
associated with thyroid disease, lung disease, cardiac or surgery
ache, night pain
restriction and stiffness

Question 8

how would you examine for frozen shoulder

Answer 8

tender trapezius - global decreased rate of movement both active and passive
atrophy due to non-use

Question 9

what is a good recovery method drug for frozen shoulder

Answer 9

corticosteroid reduce symptoms but not duration of the disease

Question 10

how do you manage frozen shoulder

Answer 10

pain reduction and minimise restriction 
physio
corticosteroids 
capsular distention 
rehab

Question 11

what is rotator cuff tendopthy

Answer 11

common cause of shoulder pain which leads to dysfunction and impingement

Question 12

what are the common features of rotator cuff tendonopathy

Answer 12

better passive movement, instability and fatigue, night pain and painful arc

Question 13

what is the management of rotator cuff tendonpothy

Answer 13

poor in elderly 
emphasis on cuff strengthening 
corticosteroid for pain 
surgical decompression 
pain and instability in biceps tendon

Question 14

what is arthritis

Answer 14

joint inflammation

Question 15

what is synovitis

Answer 15

reddening and inflammation of synovial joints - causes releases of inflammatory factors such as cytokines

Question 16

how many types of arthritis are there and what is most common

Answer 16

septic arthtris and over 30

Question 17

what is the standard management of arthritis

Answer 17

reduce inflammation - blood tests, treat associated symptoms

Question 18

what i the most common type of arthritis

Answer 18

osteoarthritis

common for knee and hip replacement

Question 19

what are the characteristic of OA

Answer 19

no cure

inflammation, cartilage loss and pint swelling / weaker muscles

Question 20

what are diagnosing symptoms and tests of OA

Answer 20

morning stiffness (30 mins) 
raised inflammatory markers 
inflammatory back pain

Question 21

what is RA

Answer 21

rheumatoid arthritis which is autoimmune

common age 40-50 and higher in females 3:1 ( mainly hands and feet)

Question 22

how do you test for RA

Answer 22

blood test for antibodies

Question 23

what are the associated dangers of RA

Answer 23

can affect other organs and have MI or stroke risk