Posterior Thigh / Knee Flashcards
What does the distal end of the femur articulate with
lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia (condyles sported by intercondylar fossesa)
what is the role of the intercondylar fossa
has two facets for superior attachment of cruciate ligaments which stables the knee ligament
what are the two ligaments connecting to the intercondylar fossa
anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
what do the posterior and anterior cruicuate ligament attach to in the knee
posterior - lateral surface of the MEDIAL condyle
anterior - medial surface of the LATERAL condyle.
what are the two facets posterior to the lateral epicondyle for
upper facet for attachment of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle
inferior facet for atachemtn of poplitieus muscle
what lies posterio-superuor to the medial epicondyle
adductor tubercle
what is a seasmoid bone and which is the largest
patella
bone formed within the tendon of a muscle (formed within quad femoris tendon)
what attaches to the border of the patella
apex inferiorly is attached to patellar ligament which connects patella to tibia
base (top) attaches to quad femoris tendon
posterior surface articulates with the femur
which is the largest bone of the lower leg
tibia (only bone to articulate with the femur)
describe the proximal head of the tibia
expanded transverse fro weight bearing with medial and lateral condyles - flattened
what makes up for the flat tibia (tibial plateau) condyles in articulation with the femur
menisci (interarticular cartilage)
where is the tibial tuberosity located
inferior to the condyles (anteriorly)
what attaches to the tibial tuberosity
patellar ligament
describe the structure of the intercondylar eminence
elevated sides to from medial ad lateral intercondylar tubercles
describe the 3 borders of the tibia
anterior - sharp, from tibial tuberosity
interosseous - lateral aspect of tibia
medial - sharp midshaft, starts posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
which 3 muscles attache to the proximo-medial aspect of the tibia
gracilis, sartorius and semitendinous (from the thigh)
where is the fibula
lateral to the tibia
what is the difference in role of the tibia and fibula
fibula does not take part in the knee joint or weight bearing
where does the common fibula nerve lie
lies against the posterolateral aspect of the neck
what are the three borders of the fibula
anterior - sharp midshaft
posterior - rounded from styloid process
interosseous - medial position
what are the three muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
biceps femoris
semitendiosus
semimembranosus
which muscles of the posterior compartment cross both the knee and hip
all expect the short head of the biceps femoris
what is the role of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
flex the leg at the knee and extend the thigh at the hip - as well as rotators at both sites
describe the structure and location of the biceps femoris
most lateral and has two heads long and short
where is the semitendinosus
medial to the biceps femoris in the posterior compartment
where is the semimenbranosus muscles
deep to the semitendinosus
describe the route of arteries supply to the posterior compartment
originates from the inferior gluteal artery and perforating branches of the profunda femoris
femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus to enter the posterior compartment at the level of the popliteal fossa giving supply to the knee
which nerve innervates the posterior compartment and where does it come from
sciatic nerve from L4 to S3
describe the route of the sciatic nerve in the posterior compartment
lies on the adductor magnus but deep to the long head of the biceps femoris
what does the sciatic nerve divide into
proximal to the knee into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
what is the role of the tibial nerve
supplies all muscles of posterior compartment of thigh except short head of the biceps femoris
what is the role of the common fibular nerve
innervates the short head of the biceps femoris and continues lateral into the lower leg and foot
where is the popliteal fossa
behind the knee joint - diamond shaped opening
what are the medial and lateral borders of the popliteal fossa
the upper medial aspect = semitendinosus
upper lateral = biceps femoris
smaller lower medial aspect = medial head of gastrocnemius
lower lateral = lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
what are the floor and roof of the popliteal fossa formed by
floor - capsule of the knee joint
roof - deep fascia
what structures travel through the popliteal muscle
popliteal artery and vein
tibial and common fibular nerve
what is the largest synovial joint in the body
knee
what are the articulations of the knee joint
femur and tibia - weight bearing
patella and the femur
which surfaces in the knee are covered in hyaline cartilage
two femoral condyles
adjacent surfaces of the superior aspect o the tibial condyles
what are the menisci of the knee made from
fibrocartilaginous C shaped cartilage
what is the medial meniscus attached to, compared to the lateral
what does the mean for the menisci
attached to its margins to the knee capsule and to the tibial collateral ligament
lateral meniscus is unattached to the capsule (more mobile than the medial)
what are all the ligaments of the knee which assist in stabilising and moving
patellar, tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments, anterior/posterior cruciate
describe the structure of the patellar ligament
continuation of quad femoris inferior to the patella (stops tendons wear)
describe the structure of the two collateral ligaments
one on each side stables the hinge joint
cord like fibular collateral ligament - lateral femoral epicondyle to lateral fibular head
broad and flat tibial collateral ligament - medial femoral condyle splits and inserts onto medial tibia
what does cruciate mean
shaped like a cross
cross each other on saggital plane
what is the structure of the anterior cruciate ligament
facet on anterior intercondyler area of tibia and ascends posteriorly to facet on posterior wall of lateral intercondyler fossa of femur
what is the structure of the posterior cruciate ligament
posterior aspect of the intercondyalr area of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to medial wall of intercondylar fossa of femur
what is the specific role of the cruciate ligaments
anterior - prevents anterior displacement of the tibia
posterior - restricts posterior displacement
what happens in flexion knee locking
surfaces are curved and rounded on the posterior aspects of the femoral condyles
what happens during knee extended locking
surfaces move to broad and flat on inferior aspects of the femoral condyles
medial rotation tighten associated ligaments
how does unlocking initiate in an extended knee
popliteis muscle initiates lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
describe the arterial supply of the knee
mainly through descending and vehicular branches from the femoral, popliteal and lateral circumflex femoral arteries in the thigh which form vehicular anatasmoses
