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Year 2 - Movement > Posterior Thigh / Knee > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh / Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What does the distal end of the femur articulate with

A

lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia (condyles sported by intercondylar fossesa)

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2
Q

what is the role of the intercondylar fossa

A

has two facets for superior attachment of cruciate ligaments which stables the knee ligament

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3
Q

what are the two ligaments connecting to the intercondylar fossa

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

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4
Q

what do the posterior and anterior cruicuate ligament attach to in the knee

A

posterior - lateral surface of the MEDIAL condyle

anterior - medial surface of the LATERAL condyle.

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5
Q

what are the two facets posterior to the lateral epicondyle for

A

upper facet for attachment of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle
inferior facet for atachemtn of poplitieus muscle

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6
Q

what lies posterio-superuor to the medial epicondyle

A

adductor tubercle

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7
Q

what is a seasmoid bone and which is the largest

A

patella

bone formed within the tendon of a muscle (formed within quad femoris tendon)

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8
Q

what attaches to the border of the patella

A

apex inferiorly is attached to patellar ligament which connects patella to tibia

base (top) attaches to quad femoris tendon

posterior surface articulates with the femur

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9
Q

which is the largest bone of the lower leg

A

tibia (only bone to articulate with the femur)

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10
Q

describe the proximal head of the tibia

A

expanded transverse fro weight bearing with medial and lateral condyles - flattened

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11
Q

what makes up for the flat tibia (tibial plateau) condyles in articulation with the femur

A

menisci (interarticular cartilage)

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12
Q

where is the tibial tuberosity located

A

inferior to the condyles (anteriorly)

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13
Q

what attaches to the tibial tuberosity

A

patellar ligament

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14
Q

describe the structure of the intercondylar eminence

A

elevated sides to from medial ad lateral intercondylar tubercles

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15
Q

describe the 3 borders of the tibia

A

anterior - sharp, from tibial tuberosity

interosseous - lateral aspect of tibia

medial - sharp midshaft, starts posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

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16
Q

which 3 muscles attache to the proximo-medial aspect of the tibia

A

gracilis, sartorius and semitendinous (from the thigh)

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17
Q

where is the fibula

A

lateral to the tibia

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18
Q

what is the difference in role of the tibia and fibula

A

fibula does not take part in the knee joint or weight bearing

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19
Q

where does the common fibula nerve lie

A

lies against the posterolateral aspect of the neck

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20
Q

what are the three borders of the fibula

A

anterior - sharp midshaft

posterior - rounded from styloid process

interosseous - medial position

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21
Q

what are the three muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

biceps femoris
semitendiosus
semimembranosus

22
Q

which muscles of the posterior compartment cross both the knee and hip

A

all expect the short head of the biceps femoris

23
Q

what is the role of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

flex the leg at the knee and extend the thigh at the hip - as well as rotators at both sites

24
Q

describe the structure and location of the biceps femoris

A

most lateral and has two heads long and short

25
Q

where is the semitendinosus

A

medial to the biceps femoris in the posterior compartment

26
Q

where is the semimenbranosus muscles

A

deep to the semitendinosus

27
Q

describe the route of arteries supply to the posterior compartment

A

originates from the inferior gluteal artery and perforating branches of the profunda femoris

femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus to enter the posterior compartment at the level of the popliteal fossa giving supply to the knee

28
Q

which nerve innervates the posterior compartment and where does it come from

A

sciatic nerve from L4 to S3

29
Q

describe the route of the sciatic nerve in the posterior compartment

A

lies on the adductor magnus but deep to the long head of the biceps femoris

30
Q

what does the sciatic nerve divide into

A

proximal to the knee into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

31
Q

what is the role of the tibial nerve

A

supplies all muscles of posterior compartment of thigh except short head of the biceps femoris

32
Q

what is the role of the common fibular nerve

A

innervates the short head of the biceps femoris and continues lateral into the lower leg and foot

33
Q

where is the popliteal fossa

A

behind the knee joint - diamond shaped opening

34
Q

what are the medial and lateral borders of the popliteal fossa

A

the upper medial aspect = semitendinosus
upper lateral = biceps femoris
smaller lower medial aspect = medial head of gastrocnemius
lower lateral = lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris

35
Q

what are the floor and roof of the popliteal fossa formed by

A

floor - capsule of the knee joint

roof - deep fascia

36
Q

what structures travel through the popliteal muscle

A

popliteal artery and vein

tibial and common fibular nerve

37
Q

what is the largest synovial joint in the body

A

knee

38
Q

what are the articulations of the knee joint

A

femur and tibia - weight bearing

patella and the femur

39
Q

which surfaces in the knee are covered in hyaline cartilage

A

two femoral condyles

adjacent surfaces of the superior aspect o the tibial condyles

40
Q

what are the menisci of the knee made from

A

fibrocartilaginous C shaped cartilage

41
Q

what is the medial meniscus attached to, compared to the lateral

what does the mean for the menisci

A

attached to its margins to the knee capsule and to the tibial collateral ligament

lateral meniscus is unattached to the capsule (more mobile than the medial)

42
Q

what are all the ligaments of the knee which assist in stabilising and moving

A

patellar, tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments, anterior/posterior cruciate

43
Q

describe the structure of the patellar ligament

A

continuation of quad femoris inferior to the patella (stops tendons wear)

44
Q

describe the structure of the two collateral ligaments

A

one on each side stables the hinge joint
cord like fibular collateral ligament - lateral femoral epicondyle to lateral fibular head

broad and flat tibial collateral ligament - medial femoral condyle splits and inserts onto medial tibia

45
Q

what does cruciate mean

A

shaped like a cross

cross each other on saggital plane

46
Q

what is the structure of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

facet on anterior intercondyler area of tibia and ascends posteriorly to facet on posterior wall of lateral intercondyler fossa of femur

47
Q

what is the structure of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

posterior aspect of the intercondyalr area of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to medial wall of intercondylar fossa of femur

48
Q

what is the specific role of the cruciate ligaments

A

anterior - prevents anterior displacement of the tibia

posterior - restricts posterior displacement

49
Q

what happens in flexion knee locking

A

surfaces are curved and rounded on the posterior aspects of the femoral condyles

50
Q

what happens during knee extended locking

A

surfaces move to broad and flat on inferior aspects of the femoral condyles
medial rotation tighten associated ligaments

51
Q

how does unlocking initiate in an extended knee

A

popliteis muscle initiates lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia

52
Q

describe the arterial supply of the knee

A

mainly through descending and vehicular branches from the femoral, popliteal and lateral circumflex femoral arteries in the thigh which form vehicular anatasmoses

Year 2 - Movement (14 decks)

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