Leg and Ankle Flashcards
what is the soleal line
descends from lateral to medial side of distal tibia
what is the bony pertaberence on the medial side of the distal tibia
medial malleolus
how does the distal tibia and fibula connect
via the fibular notch (triangular notch on the lateral tibia)
what divides the posterior surface of the fibula
medial crest
what is found lateral at the distal fibula
lateral malleolus
what are the bones that make up the ankle joint
synovial, talus of foot, tibia and fibula
what are the movements of the foot
dorsiflexion and planatrflexion
what is the ankle mortise
formed by joint of distal ends of fibula and tibia (deep bracket shaped pocket)
what are are borders of the ankle mortise
roof = inferior surface of distal end of tibia
medial - medial malleolus of tibia
lateral - lateral malleuolus of fibula
in which position does the ankle mortise provide most stability
dorsiflexed
at which joints does eversion and inversion occur
tarsal joints
what maintains stability of the ankle joints
lateral ligament complex (lateral aspect)
medial ligament complex (deltoid ligament complex) - stabilise medial complex
what are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
what is the role of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg
dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, extend toes and invert foot
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the lower leg
deep fibular nerve
which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the lower leg
anterior tibial artery
which two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg
fibularis longus and brevis
what do the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg do
evert the foot (turn sole outward)
plantar flex
what innervates the muscles of the lower leg lateral compartment
superficial fibular nerve
what supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the lower leg
mainly from fibular artery
what are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg
gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
what is the role of the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg
plantarlfex the foot at ankle joint
can also flex leg at knee
what innervates the muscles of the superior posterior lower leg
tibial nerve
what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
what is the role of the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg
popliteus acts on the knee
other three act on the foot
how do you remember the tendons of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg
medial to lateral
tom - TP
dick - FDL
harry - FHL
what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg
anterior tibial artery
what artery supplies the lateral and posterior compartment of the leg
posterior tibial artery
what are the two branches of the posterior tibial artery
circumflex fibular artery (lateral through soleus muscle) fibular artery (supplies posterior compartment)
what artery supplies the gastrocenmius soleus and plantaris
two large sural arteries which branch from the popliteal artery
what are the two main nerves of the lower leg and what are their origin
sciatic nerve splits at the popliteal fossa to form tibial nerve (posterior compartment) and the common fibular nerve (anterior and lateral)
describe the ankle jerk reflex
hold ankle in dorsi flexion then tap Achilles tendon (targets gastrocnemius and sartorius
what would absence of the ankle jerk reflex indicate
sciatic nerve damage from s1 and 2 or peripheral neuropathy
what would damage to the tibial nerve do
rare - loss of plantar flexion, flexion of toes and weakened inversion
what would damage to superficial fibular nerve do
entrapment - common in ankle sprains / fractures, pain and parathetsia over lower leg and dorsal of foot
direct damage due to fracture of fibula - loss of eversion and sensation of dorsal of foot
what would damage to the deep fibular nerve do
rare in fractious but common in entrapment - causes foot drop (paralysis of dorsiflexors in anterior compartment of leg)
which structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus into the foot
TP FDL FDH tibial nerve posterior tibial artery
Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry
