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Year 2 - Movement > Leg and Ankle > Flashcards

Leg and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the soleal line

A

descends from lateral to medial side of distal tibia

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2
Q

what is the bony pertaberence on the medial side of the distal tibia

A

medial malleolus

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3
Q

how does the distal tibia and fibula connect

A

via the fibular notch (triangular notch on the lateral tibia)

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4
Q

what divides the posterior surface of the fibula

A

medial crest

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5
Q

what is found lateral at the distal fibula

A

lateral malleolus

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6
Q

what are the bones that make up the ankle joint

A

synovial, talus of foot, tibia and fibula

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7
Q

what are the movements of the foot

A

dorsiflexion and planatrflexion

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8
Q

what is the ankle mortise

A

formed by joint of distal ends of fibula and tibia (deep bracket shaped pocket)

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9
Q

what are are borders of the ankle mortise

A

roof = inferior surface of distal end of tibia
medial - medial malleolus of tibia
lateral - lateral malleuolus of fibula

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10
Q

in which position does the ankle mortise provide most stability

A

dorsiflexed

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11
Q

at which joints does eversion and inversion occur

A

tarsal joints

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12
Q

what maintains stability of the ankle joints

A

lateral ligament complex (lateral aspect)

medial ligament complex (deltoid ligament complex) - stabilise medial complex

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13
Q

what are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

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14
Q

what is the role of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg

A

dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, extend toes and invert foot

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15
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the lower leg

A

deep fibular nerve

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16
Q

which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the lower leg

A

anterior tibial artery

17
Q

which two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg

A

fibularis longus and brevis

18
Q

what do the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg do

A

evert the foot (turn sole outward)

plantar flex

19
Q

what innervates the muscles of the lower leg lateral compartment

A

superficial fibular nerve

20
Q

what supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the lower leg

A

mainly from fibular artery

21
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

22
Q

what is the role of the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

plantarlfex the foot at ankle joint

can also flex leg at knee

23
Q

what innervates the muscles of the superior posterior lower leg

A

tibial nerve

24
Q

what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

25
Q

what is the role of the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

popliteus acts on the knee

other three act on the foot

26
Q

how do you remember the tendons of the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

medial to lateral
tom - TP
dick - FDL
harry - FHL

27
Q

what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

A

anterior tibial artery

28
Q

what artery supplies the lateral and posterior compartment of the leg

A

posterior tibial artery

29
Q

what are the two branches of the posterior tibial artery

A 
circumflex fibular artery (lateral through soleus muscle) 
fibular artery (supplies posterior compartment)
30
Q

what artery supplies the gastrocenmius soleus and plantaris

A

two large sural arteries which branch from the popliteal artery

31
Q

what are the two main nerves of the lower leg and what are their origin

A

sciatic nerve splits at the popliteal fossa to form tibial nerve (posterior compartment) and the common fibular nerve (anterior and lateral)

32
Q

describe the ankle jerk reflex

A

hold ankle in dorsi flexion then tap Achilles tendon (targets gastrocnemius and sartorius

33
Q

what would absence of the ankle jerk reflex indicate

A

sciatic nerve damage from s1 and 2 or peripheral neuropathy

34
Q

what would damage to the tibial nerve do

A

rare - loss of plantar flexion, flexion of toes and weakened inversion

35
Q

what would damage to superficial fibular nerve do

A

entrapment - common in ankle sprains / fractures, pain and parathetsia over lower leg and dorsal of foot

direct damage due to fracture of fibula - loss of eversion and sensation of dorsal of foot

36
Q

what would damage to the deep fibular nerve do

A

rare in fractious but common in entrapment - causes foot drop (paralysis of dorsiflexors in anterior compartment of leg)

37
Q

which structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus into the foot

A 
TP
FDL
FDH
tibial nerve 
posterior tibial artery

Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry

Year 2 - Movement (14 decks)

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