Gluteal Region and Hip Flashcards
what maintains hip stability
acetabular labrum - cartilage, deepen articular surface, better fit for femoral head
fibrous capsule
3 hip ligaments
what does the head of the femur articulate with
acetabulum of the pelvic bone
what is the fovea on the femur
nonartiocular pit on medial surface of the femur head for attachment of the acetabulum ligament
what structures are present on the upper region of the femur
greater (superior) and lesser (small and inferior) trochanter (attachments for muscles)
what extends between the two trochanters and separating the shaft from the neck of the femur
intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest
describe the route and continuations of the intertrochanteric line
anterior descending medially
continuous with the pectineal line and merges with the medial margin of the line aspera on the posterior aspect
describe the structure of the intertrochanteric crest
posterior surface depends medially from greater to lesser trochanter
prominent quadrate tubercule on upper half
what is the linea aspera
major site of muscle attachment
proximal 1/3 of the femur
medial margin continues into pectineal line
lateral margin continues into gluteal tuberosity
what are the differences between male and female pelvis
pelvic inlet in women is circular compared to heart shaped in men
broader alae in women
larger angle in women (80-85) men (50-60)
ischial spines less medial projection in women
which three ligaments reinforce the pelvis
iliofemoral - from inferior ilium to intertrochanteric line (anterior femur)
pubofemoral (from iliopubic eminence)
ischiofemoral (attaches medially to the ischium - seen posteriorly)
what is special about the shape of the ligaments that stabilise the hip joint
triangular in shape and in spiral fashion which become taut when the joint is extended
what movements can occur at the hip joints
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation (+ circumduction)
what are the two main groups of muscles in the gluteal region
deep - lateral rotators
superficial - abduct and extend hip
which muscles are present in he deep gluteal region
piriformis
obturator internus
gemellus superior and inferior
quadratura femoris
which muscles are present in the superficia gluteal region
gluteus minimus and medius
gluteus maximus
tensor fasciae latae
what are the hip flexors and extensors
flex - rectus femoris
iliopsoas
sartorius
ext - hamstring
which two arteries pass through the pelvic cavity and what is that area called
inferior and superior gluteal artery pass through the greater sciatic foramen
describe the origin and route of the inferior gluteal artery
from anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery
goes through greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle - travels into posterior thigh - anastamsoses with branches of the femoral artery
describe the origin and route of the superior gluteal artery
originates from posterior trunk of internal iliac artery
leaves via greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis
divides into superior and deep branch in the glutei
deep - glut max
superficial - between gluteus medius and minimus
describe the branching of the femoral artery
gives rise to the (deep) profunda femoris which then gives off lateral and medial circumflex arteries
these anastomose to form the cruciate anastomosis
how many nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen
7
what is the addiotnal nerve that enters the gluteal region through the sacrotuberous ligament
perforating cutaneous nerve
which is the only nerve to pass above the pirifomris and what does it innervate
superior gluteal nerve
gluteus minimus and medius
tensor fasciae latae
what is the role of the sciatic nerve
largest nerve in the body
supplies all posterior muscles of the thigh that flex the knee and all ankle and foot muscles
sensory for large area of skin in the lower limb
which two muscles of the deep gluteal region are innervated by the same nerve which has no real name
gemellus inferior obturator internus
describe the sensory innervation of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
skin over the gluteal fold
skin of the scrotum or labia major in the perineum
posterior thigh and leg
what is the role of the pudendal nerve
major somatic nerve of the perineum (no branches)
what is the role of the inferior gluteal nerve
supplies gluteus maximus muscle
what is the role of the perforating cutenaous nerve
skin over the medial aspect of the gluteus maximus
