Gluteal Region and Hip

Question 1

what maintains hip stability

Answer 1

acetabular labrum - cartilage, deepen articular surface, better fit for femoral head
fibrous capsule
3 hip ligaments

Question 2

what does the head of the femur articulate with

Answer 2

acetabulum of the pelvic bone

Question 3

what is the fovea on the femur

Answer 3

nonartiocular pit on medial surface of the femur head for attachment of the acetabulum ligament

Question 4

what structures are present on the upper region of the femur

Answer 4

greater (superior) and lesser (small and inferior) trochanter (attachments for muscles)

Question 5

what extends between the two trochanters and separating the shaft from the neck of the femur

Answer 5

intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest

Question 6

describe the route and continuations of the intertrochanteric line

Answer 6

anterior descending medially

continuous with the pectineal line and merges with the medial margin of the line aspera on the posterior aspect

Question 7

describe the structure of the intertrochanteric crest

Answer 7

posterior surface depends medially from greater to lesser trochanter
prominent quadrate tubercule on upper half

Question 8

what is the linea aspera

Answer 8

major site of muscle attachment
proximal 1/3 of the femur
medial margin continues into pectineal line
lateral margin continues into gluteal tuberosity

Question 9

what are the differences between male and female pelvis

Answer 9

pelvic inlet in women is circular compared to heart shaped in men
broader alae in women
larger angle in women (80-85) men (50-60)
ischial spines less medial projection in women

Question 10

which three ligaments reinforce the pelvis

Answer 10

iliofemoral - from inferior ilium to intertrochanteric line (anterior femur)
pubofemoral (from iliopubic eminence)
ischiofemoral (attaches medially to the ischium - seen posteriorly)

Question 11

what is special about the shape of the ligaments that stabilise the hip joint

Answer 11

triangular in shape and in spiral fashion which become taut when the joint is extended

Question 12

what movements can occur at the hip joints

Answer 12

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation (+ circumduction)

Question 13

what are the two main groups of muscles in the gluteal region

Answer 13

deep - lateral rotators

superficial - abduct and extend hip

Question 14

which muscles are present in he deep gluteal region

Answer 14

piriformis
obturator internus
gemellus superior and inferior
quadratura femoris

Question 15

which muscles are present in the superficia gluteal region

Answer 15

gluteus minimus and medius
gluteus maximus
tensor fasciae latae

Question 16

what are the hip flexors and extensors

Answer 16

flex - rectus femoris
iliopsoas
sartorius

ext - hamstring

Question 17

which two arteries pass through the pelvic cavity and what is that area called

Answer 17

inferior and superior gluteal artery pass through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 18

describe the origin and route of the inferior gluteal artery

Answer 18

from anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery
goes through greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle - travels into posterior thigh - anastamsoses with branches of the femoral artery

Question 19

describe the origin and route of the superior gluteal artery

Answer 19

originates from posterior trunk of internal iliac artery
leaves via greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis
divides into superior and deep branch in the glutei
deep - glut max
superficial - between gluteus medius and minimus

Question 20

describe the branching of the femoral artery

Answer 20

gives rise to the (deep) profunda femoris which then gives off lateral and medial circumflex arteries
these anastomose to form the cruciate anastomosis

Question 21

how many nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 21

7

Question 22

what is the addiotnal nerve that enters the gluteal region through the sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 22

perforating cutaneous nerve

Question 23

which is the only nerve to pass above the pirifomris and what does it innervate

Answer 23

superior gluteal nerve
gluteus minimus and medius
tensor fasciae latae

Question 24

what is the role of the sciatic nerve

Answer 24

largest nerve in the body
supplies all posterior muscles of the thigh that flex the knee and all ankle and foot muscles
sensory for large area of skin in the lower limb

Question 25

which two muscles of the deep gluteal region are innervated by the same nerve which has no real name

Answer 25

gemellus inferior obturator internus

Question 26

describe the sensory innervation of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 26

skin over the gluteal fold
skin of the scrotum or labia major in the perineum
posterior thigh and leg

Question 27

what is the role of the pudendal nerve

Answer 27

major somatic nerve of the perineum (no branches)

Question 28

what is the role of the inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 28

supplies gluteus maximus muscle

Question 29

what is the role of the perforating cutenaous nerve

Answer 29

skin over the medial aspect of the gluteus maximus