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FA final exam review > Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the wrist and hand?

A

dexterity, precision, and interaction with environment

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2
Q

what are the hand bones?

A
  • metacarpals 1-5
  • phalanges: proximal, middle, and distal
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3
Q

what are the wrist bones?

A
  • 8 carpal bones (some lovers try positions that they cannot handle)
  • proximal row:
    Scaphoid
    Lunate
    Triquetrum
    Pisiform
  • distal row:
    Trapezium
    Trapezoid
    Capitate
    Hamate
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4
Q

what is the wrist joint?

A

Radiocarpal joint
- condyloid (allows movement in 2 planes)
- bones: distal radius, proximal carpal row
- wrist movement: flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation

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5
Q

what are the 3 finger joints?

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
- condyloid (allows movement in 2 planes)

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

Distal interphalangeal (DIP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

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6
Q

what are the 3 thumb joints?

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

Interphalangeal (IP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

Carpometacarpal (CMC)
- saddle (wide ROM in all directions)

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7
Q

what are the landmarks of the radius?

A
  • head
  • radial tuberosity
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8
Q

what are the landmarks of the ulna?

A
  • olecranon
  • coronoid process
  • ulnar tuberosity
  • trochlear notch
  • radial notch
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9
Q

what are the landmarks of the humerus?

A
  • medial and lateral epicondyles
  • medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
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10
Q

what are the 3 wrist flexors?

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Palmaris longus
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11
Q

what are the 3 wrist extensors?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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12
Q

what are the 4 muscles involved in wrist radial deviation

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
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13
Q

what are the 2 muscles involved in wrist ulnar deviation?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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14
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin: medial epicondyle
  • Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, anterior palmar surface
  • Wrist movement: flexion and radial deviation
  • Innervation:
    C6-T1
    Median nerve
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15
Q

palmaris longus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin: medial epicondyle
  • Insertion: palmar aponeurosis of the 2nd-5th metacarpals
  • Wrist movement: flexion
  • Invervation:
    C6-T1
    Median nerve
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16
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin:
    Medial epicondyle
    Posterior proximal ulna
  • Insertion:
    Pisiform
    Hamate
    Base of 5th metacarpal (palmar)
  • Wrist movement
    Flexion
    Ulnar deviation
  • Innervation:
    C8-T1
    Ulnar nerve
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17
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral epicondyle
    Posterior middle ulna
  • Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal (dorsal)
  • Wrist movement:
    Extension
    Ulnar deviation
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
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18
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral epicondyle
    Lateral supracondylar ridge
  • Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsal)
  • Wrist movement: extension and radial deviation
  • Innervation:
    C6-C8
    Radial nerve
19
Q

what are the 3 finger flexors?

A
  • Finger digitorum superficialis
  • Finger digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
20
Q

what are the 5 finger extensors?

A
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor indicis
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
21
Q

what is the thumb abductor?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

22
Q

what 4 muscles are involved in the thenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens pollicis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Adductor pollicis
23
Q

what 3 muscles are involved in the hypothenar eminence

A
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi
24
Q

wrist flexion

A

palm toward forearm - 70-90 degrees

25
Q

wrist extension

A

dorsum of hand toward forearm - 65-85 degrees

26
Q

wrist ABD

A

move laterally - 15-25 degrees from neutral

27
Q

wrist ADD

A

move medially - 25-40 degrees from neutral

28
Q

finger MCP movement

A
  • Flexion: toward palm - 85-
    100 degrees
  • Extension: toward dorsum
    of hand - 0-40 degrees
  • ABD: away from 3rd finger
    • 20-30 degrees
29
Q

finger IP movement

A
  • Flexion: move toward
    palm - 90-120 degrees
  • Extension: move toward
    dorsum - 0-10 degrees
30
Q

finger DIP movement

A
  • Flexion: move toward
    palm - 80-90 degrees
  • Extension: move toward
    dorsum of hand - 0-10
    degrees
31
Q

wrist flexion agonists and exercises

A

A:
- Flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
E:
- Wrist curl: TB or weight

32
Q

wrist extension agonists and exercises

A

A:
- Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor indicis
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
E:
- Wrist extension: TB or weight

33
Q

wrist ABD/radial deviation agonists and exercises

A

A:
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Extensor carpi radialis
longus and brevis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus
and brevis
E:
- Wrist radial deviation: TB
or weight

34
Q

wrist ADD/ulnar deviation agonists and exercises

A

A:
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
E:
- Wrist ulnar deviation: TB
or weight

35
Q

what is the injury associated with FOOSH?

A

scaphoid fracture

36
Q

what are some symptoms of a scaphoid fracture from a FOOSH?

A
  • pain at base of thumb
  • resisted wrist supination
  • ulnar deviation
37
Q

what is the cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

compression of the median nerve in the wrist

38
Q

what are some symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A
  • Numbness and tingling in median nerve distribution
  • Weakness in hand
39
Q

what is the cause of ulnar nerve compression?

A
  • acute injury (hit the “funny bone”)
  • repetitive injury/pressure (subluxing ulnar nerve)
40
Q

what are some symptoms of ulnar nerve compression?

A

numbness and tingling in 4th and 5th fingers

41
Q

what is the cause of a UCL sprain aka “gatekeepers or skier’s thumb” ?

A

hyperabduction trama of the thumb

42
Q

what are some symptoms of a UCL sprain aka “gatekeepers or skier’s thumb” ?

A
  • Pain at the base of the
    thumb (web space)
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Weakness in thumb
43
Q
A

FA final exam review (13 decks)

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