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FA final exam review > Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the wrist and hand?

A

dexterity, precision, and interaction with environment

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2
Q

what are the hand bones?

A
  • metacarpals 1-5
  • phalanges: proximal, middle, and distal
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3
Q

what are the wrist bones?

A
  • 8 carpal bones (some lovers try positions that they cannot handle)
  • proximal row:
    Scaphoid
    Lunate
    Triquetrum
    Pisiform
  • distal row:
    Trapezium
    Trapezoid
    Capitate
    Hamate
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4
Q

what is the wrist joint?

A

Radiocarpal joint
- condyloid (allows movement in 2 planes)
- bones: distal radius, proximal carpal row
- wrist movement: flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation

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5
Q

what are the 3 finger joints?

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
- condyloid (allows movement in 2 planes)

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

Distal interphalangeal (DIP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

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6
Q

what are the 3 thumb joints?

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

Interphalangeal (IP)
- ginglymus (hinge/movement in one plane only)

Carpometacarpal (CMC)
- saddle (wide ROM in all directions)

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7
Q

what are the landmarks of the radius?

A
  • head
  • radial tuberosity
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8
Q

what are the landmarks of the ulna?

A
  • olecranon
  • coronoid process
  • ulnar tuberosity
  • trochlear notch
  • radial notch
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9
Q

what are the landmarks of the humerus?

A
  • medial and lateral epicondyles
  • medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
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10
Q

what are the 3 wrist flexors?

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Palmaris longus
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11
Q

what are the 3 wrist extensors?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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12
Q

what are the 4 muscles involved in wrist radial deviation

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
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13
Q

what are the 2 muscles involved in wrist ulnar deviation?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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14
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin: medial epicondyle
  • Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, anterior palmar surface
  • Wrist movement: flexion and radial deviation
  • Innervation:
    C6-T1
    Median nerve
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15
Q

palmaris longus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin: medial epicondyle
  • Insertion: palmar aponeurosis of the 2nd-5th metacarpals
  • Wrist movement: flexion
  • Invervation:
    C6-T1
    Median nerve
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16
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin:
    Medial epicondyle
    Posterior proximal ulna
  • Insertion:
    Pisiform
    Hamate
    Base of 5th metacarpal (palmar)
  • Wrist movement
    Flexion
    Ulnar deviation
  • Innervation:
    C8-T1
    Ulnar nerve
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17
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral epicondyle
    Posterior middle ulna
  • Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal (dorsal)
  • Wrist movement:
    Extension
    Ulnar deviation
  • Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve)
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18
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral epicondyle
    Lateral supracondylar ridge
  • Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsal)
  • Wrist movement: extension and radial deviation
  • Innervation:
    C6-C8
    Radial nerve
19
Q

what are the 3 finger flexors?

A
  • Finger digitorum superficialis
  • Finger digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
20
Q

what are the 5 finger extensors?

A
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor indicis
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
21
Q

what is the thumb abductor?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

22
Q

what 4 muscles are involved in the thenar eminence?

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens pollicis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Adductor pollicis
23
Q

what 3 muscles are involved in the hypothenar eminence

A
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi
24
Q

wrist flexion

A

palm toward forearm - 70-90 degrees

25
wrist extension
dorsum of hand toward forearm - 65-85 degrees
26
wrist ABD
move laterally - 15-25 degrees from neutral
27
wrist ADD
move medially - 25-40 degrees from neutral
28
finger MCP movement
- Flexion: toward palm - 85- 100 degrees - Extension: toward dorsum of hand - 0-40 degrees - ABD: away from 3rd finger - 20-30 degrees
29
finger IP movement
- Flexion: move toward palm - 90-120 degrees - Extension: move toward dorsum - 0-10 degrees
30
finger DIP movement
- Flexion: move toward palm - 80-90 degrees - Extension: move toward dorsum of hand - 0-10 degrees
31
wrist flexion agonists and exercises
A: - Flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris - Palmaris longus - Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus - Flexor pollicis longus E: - Wrist curl: TB or weight
32
wrist extension agonists and exercises
A: - Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - Extensor carpi ulnaris - Extensor digitorum - Extensor indicis - Extensor digiti minimi - Extensor pollicis longus and brevis E: - Wrist extension: TB or weight
33
wrist ABD/radial deviation agonists and exercises
A: - Flexor carpi radialis - Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - Abductor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis longus and brevis E: - Wrist radial deviation: TB or weight
34
wrist ADD/ulnar deviation agonists and exercises
A: - Flexor carpi ulnaris - Extensor carpi ulnaris E: - Wrist ulnar deviation: TB or weight
35
what is the injury associated with FOOSH?
scaphoid fracture
36
what are some symptoms of a scaphoid fracture from a FOOSH?
- pain at base of thumb - resisted wrist supination - ulnar deviation
37
what is the cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
compression of the median nerve in the wrist
38
what are some symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
- Numbness and tingling in median nerve distribution - Weakness in hand
39
what is the cause of ulnar nerve compression?
- acute injury (hit the "funny bone") - repetitive injury/pressure (subluxing ulnar nerve)
40
what are some symptoms of ulnar nerve compression?
numbness and tingling in 4th and 5th fingers
41
what is the cause of a UCL sprain aka "gatekeepers or skier's thumb" ?
hyperabduction trama of the thumb
42
what are some symptoms of a UCL sprain aka "gatekeepers or skier's thumb" ?
- Pain at the base of the thumb (web space) - Swelling and bruising - Weakness in thumb
43

FA final exam review (13 decks)

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