Shoulder Girdle Flashcards
what is the purpose of the shoulder girdle?
- Anchor UE to axial skeleton
- Base for UE movement
what bones are involved in the shoulder girdle?
clavicle and scapula
describe the landmarks of the scapula
- acromion process
- coracoid process
- glenoid fossa
- spine
- borders (med/lat/sup)
- angles (sup/inf)
describe the landmarks of the clavicle
- sternal end
- acromial end
- conoid tubercle
what joint connects the clavicle to the sternum?
Sternoclavicular joint
what joint connects the clavicle to the scapula at the acromion process?
acromioclavicular joint
describe the function, kind of joint, and the ligaments involved in the sternoclavicular joint
- function: supports the shoulder and allows the clavicle to move in all 3 planes
- plane or saddle joint
- ligaments: ant & post sternoclavicular (SC) ligaments
describe the function, the kind of joint, and the ligaments involved in the acromioclavicular joint
- function: supports the shoulder and enables arm movement
- plane joint
- ligaments: coracoclavicular ligament, Sup and Inf acromioclavicular (AC) ligaments
what muscles are involved in the shoulder girdle?
- Traps
- Rhomboids
- Levator scap
- Serratus ant
- Pec minor
- Subclavius
what is the upper trap origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
Occiput
Nuchal ligament
SP C7 - Insertion:
Clavicle
Acromion process
Spine of the scapula - Movement:
Scap elevation
Cervical extension, SB-ipsilateral, rotation-contralateral - Innervation:
C3-C4
Spinal accessory nerve
what is the middle trap origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
SP T1-T5 - Insertion:
Clavicle
Acromion process
The spine of the scapula - Movement:
Scapular retraction, elevation, upward rotation - Innervation:
C3-C4
Spinal accessory nerve
what is the lower trap origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
SP T6-T12 - Insertion:
The spine of the scapula - Movement:
Scapula depression, upward rotation, and retraction - Innervation:
C3-C4
Spinal accessory nerve
what is the rhomboids origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
Minor SP C7-T1
Major SP T2-T5 - Insertion:
Medial border of the scapula - Movement:
Scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation - Innervation:
C5
Dorsal scapular nerve
what is the levator scapulae origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
TP C1-C4 - Insertion:
The superior angle of the scapula - Movement:
Scapular elevation and downward rotation
Cervical extension, SB ipsilateral, and rotation ipsilateral - Innervation:
C4-C5
Dorsal scapular nerve
what is the serratus anterior origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
Ribs 1-9 laterally - Insertion:
The medial border of the scapula, anterior/costal - Movement:
Scapular protraction, depression, and upward rotation - Innervation:
C5-C7
Long thoracic nerve
what is the pectoralis major origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
Ribs 3-5 - Insertion:
Coracoid process of the scapula - Movement:
Scapular protraction, depression, downward rotation, and anterior tilt - Innervation:
C8-T1
Medial pectoral nerve
what is the subclavius origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?
- Origin:
1st rib @ costal cartilage junction - Insertion:
Mid clavicle inferiorly - Movement:
1st rib elevation
Clavicle stabilization and depression - Innervation:
C5-C6
Subclavian nerve
shoulder girdle movement is equivalent to…
scapular movement
define protraction
- Abduction
- Lateral tilt/internal rotation
- Away from spine
define retraction
- Adduction
- Medial tilt/external rotation
- Towards spine
define upward rotation
- Glenoid fossa points up
- Inferior angle moves superolaterally
- Check the glenoid fossa
define downward rotation
- Glenoid fossa points down
- Inferior angle moves inferomedially
- Check the glenoid fossa
define elevation
- upward/superior movement
- Shoulder shrug
define depression
downward/inferior movement
define anterior tilt
- Superior border moves anteriorinferiorly
- Inferior angle moves posterosuperiorly
- Shoulder hyperextension
define posterior tilt
- Superior border moves posteriorinferiorly
- Inferior angle moves anterosuperiorly
- Shoulder hyperflexion
explain the agonists and exercises involved in protraction
A: pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
E: push-up, bench press
explain the agonists and exercises involved in retraction
A: rhomboids, middle traps, lower traps
E: seated row, reverse fly
describe the agonists and exercises involved in elevation
A: levator scap, rhomboids, upper traps, middle traps
E: shoulder shrug
describe the agonists and exercises involved in depression
A: lower traps, pec minor
E: prone Y raise
describe the agonists and exercises involved in upward rotation
A: middle traps, lower traps, serratus anterior
E: overhead shrugs
describe the agonists and exercises involved in downward rotation
A: rhomboids, pec minor
E: reverse fly
what is postural dysfunction?
- Forward head posture
- Rounded shoulders
- “hunchback” appearance
Kyphosis: excessive forward rounding of the back
what is scapular winging? and what are the causes and symptoms?
a condition that causes one or both shoulder blades to stick out from the back instead of lying flat.
Cause: serratus anterior weakness or paralysis
Symptoms:
- difficulty raising UE above shoulder
- pain in neck, shoulders, or back
- discomfort sitting in a chair
