Hip Joint Flashcards
what is the purpose of the hip joint?
movement of LE; weight bearing (standing, ambulation)
what are the bones involved in the hip joint?
femur and innominate bones
what are the landmarks of the femur?
Head
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter introchanteric crest
Gluteal tuberosity
describe the different parts and landmark of the innominate bones?
Parts: ilium, ischium, pubis
Landmark: acetabulum
what is the hip joint known as?
acetabulofemoral joint
describe the hip joint.
- Bones: head of femur, acetabulum of pelvis
- enarthrodial/ball and socket joint
- Few dislocations/subluxations because of large supportive muscles
- Wide ROM
what are the 4 ligaments in the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral / Y ligament: prevents hyperextension
- Pubofemoral ligament: limits EOR extension and ABD
- Ligamentum Teres: limits ADD
- Ischiofemoral ligament: limits IR
what hip movement occurs in the sagittal plane?
Sagittal plane
- Flexion - forward - 120 degrees
- Extension - backward - 30 degrees
what hip movement occurs in the frontal plane?
- ABD - away from midline - 45 degrees
- ADD - toward midline - 0-30 degrees
what hip movement occurs in the transverse plane?
- ER - knee/foot points laterally out - 50 degrees
- IR - knee/foot points medially in - 45 degrees
what anterior muscles are involved in the hip joint?
rectus femoris
what medial muscles are involved in the hip joint
- Adductors (longus, brevis, magnus)
- Gracilis
what posterior muscles are involved in the hip joint?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
what are the 3 compartment of the hip joint and how are they divided?
- Anterior, medial, and posterior
- Intermuscular septa acts as dividers
rectus femoris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Superior to acetabulum - Insertion
Patella
Tibial tuberosity via patellar
tendon - Movement
Hip flexion
Pelvis anterior tilt
Knee extension - Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
adductor longus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin - anterior pubis
- Insertion - linea aspera
- Movement
Hip ADD, ER, and flexion
Pelvis ant tilt - Innervation - obturator (L2-L4)
adductor magnus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation.
- Origin
Pubic ramus
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity - Insertion
Linea aspera
Medial condyloid ridge
Adductor tubercle - Movement
Hip ADD, ER, extension - Innervation - sciatic nerve
(L4-S3)
gracilis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin - ant pubic ramus
- Insertion - anterior/middle
tibia - Movement
Hip ADD, IR, flexion
Knee weak flexion and IR - Innervation - obturator (L2-
L4)
semitendinosus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin - ishial tuberosity
- Insertion - anterior/medial
tibia - Movement
Hip extension and IR
Knee flexion and IR of flexed
knee
Pelvis posterior tilt - Innervation - sciatic nerve
(L4-S3)
semimembranosus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin - ischial tuberosity
- Insertion - posterior/middle
tibia - Movement
Hip extension and IR
Knee flexion and IR of flexed
knee
Pelvis posterior tilt - Innervation - Sciatic nerve
(L4-S3)
biceps femoris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin
Ischial tuberosity
Linea aspera
Lateral condyloid ridge - Insertion
Lateral tibial condyle
Fibular head - Movement
Hip extension and ER
Knee flexion and ER or
flexed knee
Pelvis posterior tilt - Innervation - sciatic nerve
(L4-S3)
agonist and exercises of hip flexion
A - iliopsoas, rectus femoris, pectineus, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae
E - marches
agonists and exercises of hip extension
A - gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semiteninosus, semimembranosus
E - donkey kicks
agonists and exercises of hip ABD
A - glut med, glut min, glut max, tensor fasciae lactate
E - SL leg raises, hip dips
agonists and exercises of hip ADD
A - Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
E - TB or pulley hip ADD
agonists and exercises of hip IR
A - glut med, glut min, TFL
E - SL hip IR with TB at ankles
agonist and exercises of hip ER
A - glut max, PGOGOQs
E - SL hip ER with TB above knees
what are some symptoms of ITB syndrome?
- Pain in lateral hip, thigh, and
knee - Worse at heel strike
- Increased with running and
going down stairs
what are some causes of ITB syndrome?
- Genu varum - bow-legged
- Repetitive injury such as
running on uneven surfaces
what is a symptom of Trendelenburg syndrome?
Hip drop in unilateral stance
what are some causes of Trendelenburg syndrome?
- Glut med weakness
- Nerve damage
- Hip dysplasia
- s/p hip replacement
with Trendelenburg syndrome, a hip drop is seen in which leg?
a hip drop is seen in the opposite leg of the affected gluteus medius
