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FA final exam review > Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of the lumbar spine?

A

Bones: 24 articulating vertebrae and 9 fused vertebrae

Nerves: 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Curves: kyphotic (1) and lordotic (2)

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2
Q

what are the lumbar vertebrae landmarks?

A
  • Body (large)
  • Articular facets
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process (flat, rectangular)
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3
Q

define lumbar flexion and include degrees of motion

A

hands to floor - 80 degree

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4
Q

define lumbar extension and include degrees of motion

A

back bend - 20-30 degrees

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5
Q

define lumbar SB and include degrees of motion

A

hand down to lateral thigh - 35 degrees

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6
Q

define lumbar rotation and include degrees of motion

A

rotate shoulders to look over the shoulder - 45 degrees

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7
Q

describe and list the abdominal muscles

A
  • Do not attach from bone to bone
  • EAO, IAO, TA
  • Some sections linked by fascia and tendinous bands
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8
Q

list the superficial and deep back muscles

A
  • Superficial:
    Erector spinae
  • Deep:
    Longus colli
    Interspinalis
    Intertransversarii
    Multifidus
    Psoas minor
    Rotatores
    Semispinalis
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9
Q

what are the 4 large abdominal muscles?

A
  • Rectus abdominus
  • External abdominal obliques
  • Internal abdominal obliques
  • Quadratus lumborum
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10
Q

quadratus lumborum origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin - posterior iliac crest
  • Insertion - rib 12, TPs L1-L4
  • Movement
    Stabilizes pelvis and L spine
    Lumbar extension and SB ipsilateral
    Pelvis ant tilt and lateral rotation contralateral
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11
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Rectus abdominus
  • EAO
  • IAO
  • TA
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12
Q

rectus abdominis origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin - pubic crest
  • Insertion - xiphoid process, cartilage ribs 5-7
  • Movement
    Lumber flexion and SB ipsilateral
    Pelvis post tilt
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13
Q

external abdominal oblique origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin - ribs 5-12
  • Insertion
    Anterior iliac and pubic crests
    Inguinal ligament
    Lower RA fascia
  • Movement
    Lumbar flexion, SB ipsilateral, rotation contralateral
    Pelvis post pelvic tilt, lateral rotation contralateral
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14
Q

internal abdominal oblique origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin
    Anterior iliac and pubic crests
    Inguinal ligament
    Lumbar fascia
  • Insertion
    Cartilage ribs 8-10
    Linea alba
  • Movement
    Lumbar flexion, SB ipsilateral, rotation ipsilateral
    Pelvis posterior pelvic tilt, lateral rotation contralateral
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15
Q

transverse abdominis origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin
    Inner iliac crests
    Inguinal ligament
    Cartilage ribs 7-12
    Lumbar fascia
  • Insertion
    Pubic crest
    Iliopectineal line
    Linea alba
  • Movement
    Lumbar stabilization
    Forced expiration
    acts as a corset
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16
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar flexion

A

A: rectus abdominis, EAO, IAO
E: curl-ups (crunches)

17
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar extension

A

A: erector spinae, quadratus lumborum

E: alternating prone extensions, superman

18
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar SB / lateral flexion?

A

A:
- quadratus lumborum
- erector spinae
- EAO
- IAO
- rectus abdominis

E: lateral sit up

19
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar rotation?

A

A:
- quadratus lumborum
- erector spinae
- EAO
- IAO

E: exercise ball lumbar rotation

20
Q

what is a compression fracture?

A

fracturing of the body of the vertebrae

21
Q

what are the causes of a compression fracture?

A

Osteoporosis
Injury: fall, MVA, sports
Tumor

22
Q

what are the symptoms of a compression fracture?

A

Back pain
Loss of height
Hunched posture
Decreased ROM
Nerve involvement

23
Q

what is diastasis recti?

A

separation of RA at linea alba

24
Q

what are the causes of diastasis recti?

A

pregnancy, injury (weightlifting)

25
Q

what are the symptoms of diastasis recti?

A

Back pain
Constipation
Poor posture
Bloating

26
Q

what is a hernia?

A

condition where an internal organ pushes through a weakened area in the muscle wall

27
Q

what are the 3 different types of hernias?

A

umbilical, inguinal, femoral

28
Q

what are the causes of a hernia?

A

pregnancy, obesity, straining

29
Q

what are the symptoms of a hernia?

A

pain and bulge with increased abdominal pressure

FA final exam review (13 decks)

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