Lumbar Spine Flashcards
what are the components of the lumbar spine?
Bones: 24 articulating vertebrae and 9 fused vertebrae
Nerves: 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Curves: kyphotic (1) and lordotic (2)
what are the lumbar vertebrae landmarks?
- Body (large)
- Articular facets
- Transverse process
- Spinous process (flat, rectangular)
define lumbar flexion and include degrees of motion
hands to floor - 80 degree
define lumbar extension and include degrees of motion
back bend - 20-30 degrees
define lumbar SB and include degrees of motion
hand down to lateral thigh - 35 degrees
define lumbar rotation and include degrees of motion
rotate shoulders to look over the shoulder - 45 degrees
describe and list the abdominal muscles
- Do not attach from bone to bone
- EAO, IAO, TA
- Some sections linked by fascia and tendinous bands
list the superficial and deep back muscles
- Superficial:
Erector spinae - Deep:
Longus colli
Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Multifidus
Psoas minor
Rotatores
Semispinalis
what are the 4 large abdominal muscles?
- Rectus abdominus
- External abdominal obliques
- Internal abdominal obliques
- Quadratus lumborum
quadratus lumborum origin, insertion, and movement
- Origin - posterior iliac crest
- Insertion - rib 12, TPs L1-L4
- Movement
Stabilizes pelvis and L spine
Lumbar extension and SB ipsilateral
Pelvis ant tilt and lateral rotation contralateral
what are the 4 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
- Rectus abdominus
- EAO
- IAO
- TA
rectus abdominis origin, insertion, and movement
- Origin - pubic crest
- Insertion - xiphoid process, cartilage ribs 5-7
- Movement
Lumber flexion and SB ipsilateral
Pelvis post tilt
external abdominal oblique origin, insertion, and movement
- Origin - ribs 5-12
- Insertion
Anterior iliac and pubic crests
Inguinal ligament
Lower RA fascia - Movement
Lumbar flexion, SB ipsilateral, rotation contralateral
Pelvis post pelvic tilt, lateral rotation contralateral
internal abdominal oblique origin, insertion, and movement
- Origin
Anterior iliac and pubic crests
Inguinal ligament
Lumbar fascia - Insertion
Cartilage ribs 8-10
Linea alba - Movement
Lumbar flexion, SB ipsilateral, rotation ipsilateral
Pelvis posterior pelvic tilt, lateral rotation contralateral
transverse abdominis origin, insertion, and movement
- Origin
Inner iliac crests
Inguinal ligament
Cartilage ribs 7-12
Lumbar fascia - Insertion
Pubic crest
Iliopectineal line
Linea alba - Movement
Lumbar stabilization
Forced expiration
acts as a corset
what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar flexion
A: rectus abdominis, EAO, IAO
E: curl-ups (crunches)
what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar extension
A: erector spinae, quadratus lumborum
E: alternating prone extensions, superman
what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar SB / lateral flexion?
A:
- quadratus lumborum
- erector spinae
- EAO
- IAO
- rectus abdominis
E: lateral sit up
what are the agonists and exercises of lumbar rotation?
A:
- quadratus lumborum
- erector spinae
- EAO
- IAO
E: exercise ball lumbar rotation
what is a compression fracture?
fracturing of the body of the vertebrae
what are the causes of a compression fracture?
Osteoporosis
Injury: fall, MVA, sports
Tumor
what are the symptoms of a compression fracture?
Back pain
Loss of height
Hunched posture
Decreased ROM
Nerve involvement
what is diastasis recti?
separation of RA at linea alba
what are the causes of diastasis recti?
pregnancy, injury (weightlifting)
what are the symptoms of diastasis recti?
Back pain
Constipation
Poor posture
Bloating
what is a hernia?
condition where an internal organ pushes through a weakened area in the muscle wall
what are the 3 different types of hernias?
umbilical, inguinal, femoral
what are the causes of a hernia?
pregnancy, obesity, straining
what are the symptoms of a hernia?
pain and bulge with increased abdominal pressure
