Ankle and Foot

Question 1

what is the purpose of the ankle and foot?

Answer 1

support, propulsion

Question 2

what are the landmarks and pulley of the tibia?

Answer 2

Distal landmark: anterior crest, medial malleolus

Pulley: tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 3

what are the landmarks and pulley of the fibula?

Answer 3

Distal landmark: lateral malleolus

Pulley: peroneals longus and brevis

Question 4

what are the components of the rear foot?

Answer 4

Calcaneus
Talus

Question 5

what are the components of the midfoot/tarsal?

Answer 5

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuniform (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Question 6

what are the components of the forefoot?

Answer 6

Metatarsals
Phalangies
Sesamoids

Question 7

describe the 2 ankle joints

Answer 7

tibiofibular joint
Amphiarthrodial
Bones: tibia and fibula
Connective tissue: ligaments and interosseus membrane

Talocrural joint
Ginglymus
Bones: tibia, fibula, talus

Question 8

what are the 6 foot joints?

Answer 8

Subtalar
Transverse tarsal
Intertarsal
Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal

Question 9

define dorsiflexion and include degrees of motion

Answer 9

toes up - 20 degrees

Question 10

define plantar flexion and include degrees of motion

Answer 10

toes down - 50 degrees

Question 11

define eversion and include degrees of motion

Answer 11

toes lateral - 15-20 degrees

Question 12

define inversion and include degrees of motion

Answer 12

toes medial - 20-30 degrees

Question 13

what movement do the phalangies do?

Answer 13

MTP flexion/extension
IP flexion/extension
ADD
ABD

Question 14

what are the different compartments and how are they divided?

Answer 14

Anterior, posterior superficial, posterior deep, and lateral

Divided by dense fascia

Question 15

what are the 4 anterior muscles?

Answer 15

Tibialis anterior
Peroneus Tertius
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

Question 16

what are the 2 lateral muscles?

Answer 16

Peroneus longus and brevis

Question 17

what are the posterior: superficial muscles?

Answer 17

Triceps surae: gastrocnemius and soleus

Plantaris

Question 18

what are the posterior: deep muscles?

Answer 18

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

Question 19

tibialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

Answer 19

Origin - superolateral tibia

Insertion -
Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal

Movement -
Dorsiflexion
Inversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 20

peroneus longus origin insertion, movement, and innervation

Answer 20

Origin -
Fibular head
Lateral fibula

Insertion -
Medial cuneiform
1st metatarsal

Movement -
Plantarflexion
Eversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 21

peroneus brevis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

Answer 21

Origin - lower lateral fibula

Insertion - 5th metatarsal

Movement -
Plantar flexion
Eversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 22

gastrocnemius origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

Answer 22

Origin - posterior femoral condyles

Insertion - calcaneus via achilles

Movement -
Ankle PF
Knee flexion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 23

soleus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

Answer 23

Origin - proximal posterior tibia and fibula

Insertion - calcaneus via achilles

Movement -
Ankle PF
Knee flexion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 24

posterior tibialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

Answer 24

Origin -
Interosseous membrane
Posterior tib and fib

Insertion -
Navicular
Cuneiform
Cuboid
2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal base

Movement -
PF
Inversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 25

what are the agonists and exercises of dorsiflexion?

Answer 25

A: Anterior tibialis Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius E: TB OKC DF

Question 26

what are the agonists and exercises of plantarflexion?

Answer 26

A: Gastrocnemius Soleus E: calf raises

Question 27

what are the agonists and exercises of inversion?

Answer 27

A: Anterior tibialis Posterior tibialis E: longsit TB inversion

Question 28

what are the agonists and exercises of eversion?

Answer 28

A: Peroneals longus, brevis, and tertius Extensor digitorum longus E: TB eversion

Question 29

what are the agonists and exercises of toe flexion?

Answer 29

A: Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus E: Marble pick up Towel scunch

Question 30

what are the agonists and exercises of toe extension?

Answer 30

A: Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus E: manually resisted toe extension

Question 31

what are the 3 different kinds of ankle sprains?

Answer 31

Lateral - ATFL - inversion injury Medial - deltoid - eversion injury High-syndesmosis sprain - anterior inferior tibiofibular lig - inv and/or DF trama in weight-bearing

Question 32

what are some symptoms of ankle sprains?

Answer 32

- Pain with ROM and weight-bearing - Swelling and bruising - Decreased balance in unilateral stance

Question 33

what is compartment syndrome?

Answer 33

- swelling or bleeding in the compartment - most common in anterior compartment

Question 34

what are the causes of compartment syndrome?

Answer 34

- Acute injury/trauma - Chronic overuse/exertional

Question 35

what are some symptoms of compartment syndrome?

Answer 35

- Sharp pain - Swelling - Numbness and tingling - Weakness of mm in the affected compartment

Question 36

what is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 36

a painful condition that causes inflammation in the plantar fascia, a tissue band that runs from the heel to the toes.

Question 37

what are the factors that make it more likely for someone to develop plantar fasciitis?

Answer 37

Age Activity Foot mechanics Weight Occupation

Question 38

what are some symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 38

- Pain at heel and plantar surface foot - Worse at 1st step in the morning - Antalgic gait