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FA final exam review > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the ankle and foot?

A

support, propulsion

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2
Q

what are the landmarks and pulley of the tibia?

A

Distal landmark: anterior crest, medial malleolus

Pulley: tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

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3
Q

what are the landmarks and pulley of the fibula?

A

Distal landmark: lateral malleolus

Pulley: peroneals longus and brevis

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4
Q

what are the components of the rear foot?

A

Calcaneus
Talus

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5
Q

what are the components of the midfoot/tarsal?

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuniform (medial, intermediate, lateral)

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6
Q

what are the components of the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals
Phalangies
Sesamoids

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7
Q

describe the 2 ankle joints

A

tibiofibular joint
Amphiarthrodial
Bones: tibia and fibula
Connective tissue: ligaments and interosseus membrane

Talocrural joint
Ginglymus
Bones: tibia, fibula, talus

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8
Q

what are the 6 foot joints?

A

Subtalar
Transverse tarsal
Intertarsal
Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal

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9
Q

define dorsiflexion and include degrees of motion

A

toes up - 20 degrees

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10
Q

define plantar flexion and include degrees of motion

A

toes down - 50 degrees

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11
Q

define eversion and include degrees of motion

A

toes lateral - 15-20 degrees

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12
Q

define inversion and include degrees of motion

A

toes medial - 20-30 degrees

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13
Q

what movement do the phalangies do?

A

MTP flexion/extension
IP flexion/extension
ADD
ABD

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14
Q

what are the different compartments and how are they divided?

A

Anterior, posterior superficial, posterior deep, and lateral

Divided by dense fascia

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15
Q

what are the 4 anterior muscles?

A

Tibialis anterior
Peroneus Tertius
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

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16
Q

what are the 2 lateral muscles?

A

Peroneus longus and brevis

17
Q

what are the posterior: superficial muscles?

A

Triceps surae: gastrocnemius and soleus

Plantaris

18
Q

what are the posterior: deep muscles?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

19
Q

tibialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A

Origin - superolateral tibia

Insertion -
Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal

Movement -
Dorsiflexion
Inversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

20
Q

peroneus longus origin insertion, movement, and innervation

A

Origin -
Fibular head
Lateral fibula

Insertion -
Medial cuneiform
1st metatarsal

Movement -
Plantarflexion
Eversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

21
Q

peroneus brevis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A

Origin - lower lateral fibula

Insertion - 5th metatarsal

Movement -
Plantar flexion
Eversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

22
Q

gastrocnemius origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A

Origin - posterior femoral condyles

Insertion - calcaneus via achilles

Movement -
Ankle PF
Knee flexion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

23
Q

soleus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A

Origin - proximal posterior tibia and fibula

Insertion - calcaneus via achilles

Movement -
Ankle PF
Knee flexion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

24
Q

posterior tibialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A

Origin -
Interosseous membrane
Posterior tib and fib

Insertion -
Navicular
Cuneiform
Cuboid
2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal base

Movement -
PF
Inversion

Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

25
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of dorsiflexion?

A

A:
Anterior tibialis
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius

E: TB OKC DF

26
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of plantarflexion?

A

A:
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
E: calf raises

27
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of inversion?

A

A:
Anterior tibialis
Posterior tibialis
E: longsit TB inversion

28
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of eversion?

A

A:
Peroneals longus, brevis, and tertius
Extensor digitorum longus
E: TB eversion

29
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of toe flexion?

A

A:
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
E:
Marble pick up
Towel scunch

30
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of toe extension?

A

A:
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
E: manually resisted toe extension

31
Q

what are the 3 different kinds of ankle sprains?

A

Lateral - ATFL
- inversion injury

Medial - deltoid
- eversion injury

High-syndesmosis sprain
- anterior inferior tibiofibular lig
- inv and/or DF trama in weight-bearing

32
Q

what are some symptoms of ankle sprains?

A
  • Pain with ROM and weight-bearing
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Decreased balance in unilateral stance
33
Q

what is compartment syndrome?

A
  • swelling or bleeding in the compartment
  • most common in anterior compartment
34
Q

what are the causes of compartment syndrome?

A
  • Acute injury/trauma
  • Chronic overuse/exertional
35
Q

what are some symptoms of compartment syndrome?

A
  • Sharp pain
  • Swelling
  • Numbness and tingling
  • Weakness of mm in the affected compartment
36
Q

what is plantar fasciitis?

A

a painful condition that causes inflammation in the plantar fascia, a tissue band that runs from the heel to the toes.

37
Q

what are the factors that make it more likely for someone to develop plantar fasciitis?

A

Age
Activity
Foot mechanics
Weight
Occupation

38
Q

what are some symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

A
  • Pain at heel and plantar surface foot
  • Worse at 1st step in the morning
  • Antalgic gait

FA final exam review (13 decks)

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