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FA final exam review > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the shoulder?

A
  • UE movement
  • Interaction with the environment (ADLs)
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2
Q

what bones are involved in the shoulder?

A

humerus and scapula

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3
Q

identify the landmarks of the humerus

A
  • head
  • greater tubercle
  • lesser tubercle
  • intertubercular groove
  • deltoid tuberosity
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4
Q

identify the landmarks of the scapula

A
  • acromion process
  • coracoid process
  • spine
  • fossae
    • glenoid
    • supraspinous
    • infraspinous
  • borders
  • angles
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5
Q

what joint is the shoulder joint referred to?

A

glenohumeral joint

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6
Q

what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint and what ligaments are involved?

A
  • Multiaxial ball and socket
  • Glenohumeral ligament and
    coracohumeral ligament
  • Glenoid labrum
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7
Q

what is the glenoid labrum?

A

the ring of cartilage that lines the shoulder socket

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the glenoid labrum?

A
  • Purpose: enhance stability, deepen fossa concavity
  • Buttress to limit humeral head translation
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9
Q

stability vs mobility

A
  • Stability = ability to maintain control and support joints during movement
  • Mobility = ability to move freely and easily

As mobility increases, stability decreases
Instability issues include: subluxation, dislocation, labral tears, and rotator cuff impingement

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10
Q

intrinsic vs extrinsic GH muscles

A

intrinsic: origin = scapula and clavicle

extrinsic: origin = not scapula and clavicle

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11
Q

what are the intrinsic GH muscles?

A
  • Deltoid
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Teres major
  • Rotator cuff
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12
Q

what are the extrinsic GH muscles?

A
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Pectoralis major
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13
Q

what is the deltoid origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral clavicle
    Acromian
    Inferior edge spine of scapula
  • Insertion:
    Deltoid tuberosity
  • Shoulder movement:
    Ant fibers
  • ABD, horizontal ADD, flexion, IR, diagonal ADD
    Post fibers
  • ABD, horizontal ABD, extension, ER, diagonal ABD
    Middle fibers
  • ABD
  • Innervation:
    C5-C6
    Axillary nerve
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14
Q

what is the pectoralis major origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Medial clavicle
    Costal cartilages 1-6
    Sternum
  • Insertion:
    Lateral lip-intertubercular groove
  • Shoulder movement:
    Upper fibers
  • horizontal ADD, IR, diagonal ADD
  • flexion, ABD (>90 degrees), ADD (<90 degrees)
    Lower fibers
  • horizontal ADD, IR, diagonal ADD
  • ext (from flexed position), ADD
  • Innervation:
    C5-T1
    Medial and lateral pectoral nerve
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15
Q

what is the latissimus dorsi origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Posterior iiac crest
    Sacrum and SP T7-L5
    Ribs 10-12
  • Insertion:
    Medial lip - intertubercular groove
  • Shoulder movement:
    ADD
    Ext
    IR
    Horizontal ABD
  • Innervation:
    C6-C8
    Thoracodorsal nerve
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16
Q

what is the teres major origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral border of the scapula
  • Insertion:
    Medial lip - intrtubercular groove
  • Shoulder movement:
    Ext
    IR
    ADD
  • Innervation:
    C5-C6
    Lower subscapular nerve
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17
Q

what is the coracobrachialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    coracoid process
  • Insertion:
    Humeral shaft
  • Shoulder movement:
    Flex
    ADD
    Horizontal ADD
    Diagonal ADD
  • Innervation:
    C5-C7
    musculocutaneous
18
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
19
Q

what is the supraspinatus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Infraspinous fossa
  • Insertion:
    Greater tubercle posteriorly
  • Movement:
    ER
    Horizontal ABD
    Ext
    Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa
  • Innervation:
    C5-C6
    Suprascapular nerve
20
Q

what is the teres minor origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Lateral scapular border
  • Insertion:
    Greater tubercle posteriorly
  • Shoulder movement:
    ER
    Horizontal ABD
    Ext
    Diagonal ABD
    Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa
  • Innervation:
    C5-C6
    Axillary nerve
21
Q

what is the subscapularis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation?

A
  • Origin:
    Subscapular fossa
  • Insertion:
    Lesser tubercle
  • Shoulder movement:
    IR
    ADD
    Ext
    Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa
  • Innervation:
    C5-C6
    Upper and lower subscapular nerves
22
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Flexion

A

forward movement - 180 degrees

23
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Extension

A

backward movement - 60 degrees

24
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Abduction

A

upward lateral movement/away from body - 180 degrees

25
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Adduction

A

downward lateral movement/towards midline - 0 degrees

26
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Horizontal adduction

A

toward/across midline - 135 degrees

27
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Horizontal abduction

A

away from midline - 45 degrees

28
Q

describe the shoulder movement: Internal rotation

A

toward midline with elbow flexed 90 degrees - 70 degrees

29
Q

describe the shoulder movement: External rotation

A

away from midline with elbow flexed 90 degrees - 90 degrees

30
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with shoulder flexion?

A

A: ant deltoid, pec major (upper fibers)
E: front arm raise

31
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with shoulder extension?

A

A: teres major, lat dorsi, subscapularis, pec major (lower fibers)
E: straight arm pull down

32
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with shoulder adduction?

A

A: lat dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pec major (upper fibers)
E: lat pull down

33
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with shoulder abduction?

A

A: deltoid, supraspinatus, pec major (upper fibers)
E: lat raise

34
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with horizontal abduction?

A

A: teres minor, infraspinatus, deltoid
E: prone T raise, reverse fly

35
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with horizontal adduction

A

A: anterior deltoid, pec major, coraobrachialis
E: dumbbell or machine fly

36
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with shoulder internal rotation?

A

A: lat dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pec major
E: TB IR

37
Q

what are the agonists and exercises associated with shoulder external rotation?

A

A: infraspinatus, teres minor
E: TB BUE ER

38
Q

describe the causes of shoulder dysfunction

A
  • Frequent
    injuries/dislocations common
  • Glenoid fossa=shallow
  • Laxity of ligaments
  • strength/flexibility
    imbalances
39
Q

what are the different types of RTC dysfunction?

A
  • impingement
  • tear
  • tendonitis
40
Q

what are the causes of RTC dysfunction?

A
  • Acute injury
  • Repetitive stress (overhead
    activities)
  • Scapulohumeral rhythm
    dysfunction
41
Q

what is GIRD and what is a common cause of it?

A

glenohumeral IR deficit

  • Difference in IR ROM from
    dominant to nondominant
    UE
  • Common cause: Often in throwing athletes
42
Q

what is a SLAP lesion and what are some causes?

A

superior labrum anterior & posterior

  • Can involve biceps tendon
    attachment
  • Causes: acute injury (MVA,
    FOOSH) or repetitive injury
    (overhead sports)

FA final exam review (13 decks)

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