Knee Joint Flashcards
what is the purpose of the knee joint?
movement of LE, weight bearing (standing ambulation)
what are the bones involved in the knee joint?
femur, patella, tibia, and fibula
what are the landmarks of the femur?
- Med and lat epicondyles
- Med and lat condyles
- Trochlea groove
- Intercondylar fossa
- adductor tubercle
what are the landmarks of the patella and what kind of bone is it?
- Sesamoid bone: imbedded in quad and patellar tendon (pulley mechanism)
- Landmarks: base, apex, articular facets
what are the landmarks of the tibia?
- Med and lat condyles
- Tibial tuberosity
- Gerdy’s tubercle
what are the landmarks of the fibula and what is it’s function?
- Function: attachment site 1 (not involved in knee joint articulation)
- Proximal landmarks: head and neck
what are the 3 joints involved in the knee?
- Tibiofemoral joint
Largest joint in the body
Primarily hinge
Bones: femoral and tibial condyles - Q angle
Angle related to 2 lines of pull between the quads and patellar tendon
Greater in females due to wider pelvis - Patellofemoral joint
Bones: patella and femur
Arthrodial
what are the 4 ligaments in the knee joint and how do they function together?
Function for stability
- ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
- PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)
- MCL (medial collateral ligament)
- LCL (lateral collateral ligament)
describe the function and the parts of the menisci?
- parts = Medial and lateral
- Function = cushion, deepen tibial fossa, and enhance stability
what is a bursae and what is it’s function?
- Fluid-filled sac in between joints
- > 10 inch around knee
- Functions for shock absorption and reduces friction
what knee movement occurs in the sagittal plane?
- Flexion - backward - 140 degrees
- Extension/hyperextension - forward - 0-10 degrees
what knee movement occurs in the transverse plane?
- ER - foot points laterally - 45 degrees
- IR - foot points medially - 30 degrees
what are the anterior muscles involved in the knee joint?
Quads
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
what are the posterior muscles involved in the knee joint?
Hamstrings
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
Popliteus
what are the 3 compartments and how are they divided?
Anterior
Medial
Posterior
*divided by intermuscular septa
rectus femoris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation.
- Origin
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Superior to acetabulum - Insertion
Patella
Tibia tuberosity via patellar tendon - Movement
Hip flexion
Pelvis anterior tilt
Knee extension - Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
vastus lateralis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin
Intertrochanteric line
Greater trochanter
Linea aspera - Insertion
Lateral patella
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon - Movement
Knee extension - Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
vastus medialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin
Linea aspera
Medial condyloid ridge - Insertion
Medial patella
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon - Movement
Knee extension - Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
vastus intermedius origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin
Proximal and anterior femur - Insertion
Patella
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon - Movement
Knee extension - Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
what muscles are included in the hamstrings and what movement do they do?
- Muscles
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris - Movement
Knee flexion
Hip extension
popliteus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation
- Origin
Posterior lateral condyle of the femur - Insertion
Proximal posteromedial tibia - Movement
Knee flexion and IR of flexed knee - Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
what are the agonists and exercises of knee flexion?
A:
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus
E: Hamstring curls
what are the agonists and exercises of knee extension?
A:
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
E: Squats
what are the agonists and exercises of knee IR?
A:
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus
E: TB IR with knee flexion
what are the agonists and exercises of knee ER?
A:
Biceps femoris
TFL
E: Terminal knee extensio
what structures are involved in the unhappy triad?
- MCL (medial collateral ligament)
- Medial meniscus
- ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
what are the symptoms of unhappy triad?
- Pain in medial knee
- Pain with ROM and weight-bearing
- Swelling and bruising
- Knee “gives out” or “locks up”
what are the causes of unhappy triad?
- Blow to knee/lower leg
- Skiing
- Plant and pivot
what is PFPS stand for and what is the common name?
- patellofemoral pain syndrome
- aka runner’s/jumper’s knee
what are the symptoms of PFPS?
- Pain under/around patella
- Crepitus
what are the causes of PFPS?
- Quad weakness or imbalance
- Patellar tracking dysfunction
- Overuse
