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FA final exam review > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the knee joint?

A

movement of LE, weight bearing (standing ambulation)

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2
Q

what are the bones involved in the knee joint?

A

femur, patella, tibia, and fibula

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3
Q

what are the landmarks of the femur?

A
  • Med and lat epicondyles
  • Med and lat condyles
  • Trochlea groove
  • Intercondylar fossa
  • adductor tubercle
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4
Q

what are the landmarks of the patella and what kind of bone is it?

A
  • Sesamoid bone: imbedded in quad and patellar tendon (pulley mechanism)
  • Landmarks: base, apex, articular facets
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5
Q

what are the landmarks of the tibia?

A
  • Med and lat condyles
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Gerdy’s tubercle
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6
Q

what are the landmarks of the fibula and what is it’s function?

A
  • Function: attachment site 1 (not involved in knee joint articulation)
  • Proximal landmarks: head and neck
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7
Q

what are the 3 joints involved in the knee?

A
  • Tibiofemoral joint
    Largest joint in the body
    Primarily hinge
    Bones: femoral and tibial condyles
  • Q angle
    Angle related to 2 lines of pull between the quads and patellar tendon
    Greater in females due to wider pelvis
  • Patellofemoral joint
    Bones: patella and femur
    Arthrodial
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8
Q

what are the 4 ligaments in the knee joint and how do they function together?

A

Function for stability

  • ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
  • PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)
  • MCL (medial collateral ligament)
  • LCL (lateral collateral ligament)
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9
Q

describe the function and the parts of the menisci?

A
  • parts = Medial and lateral
  • Function = cushion, deepen tibial fossa, and enhance stability
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10
Q

what is a bursae and what is it’s function?

A
  • Fluid-filled sac in between joints
  • > 10 inch around knee
  • Functions for shock absorption and reduces friction
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11
Q

what knee movement occurs in the sagittal plane?

A
  • Flexion - backward - 140 degrees
  • Extension/hyperextension - forward - 0-10 degrees
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12
Q

what knee movement occurs in the transverse plane?

A
  • ER - foot points laterally - 45 degrees
  • IR - foot points medially - 30 degrees
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13
Q

what are the anterior muscles involved in the knee joint?

A

Quads
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

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14
Q

what are the posterior muscles involved in the knee joint?

A

Hamstrings
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus

Popliteus

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15
Q

what are the 3 compartments and how are they divided?

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

*divided by intermuscular septa

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16
Q

rectus femoris origin, insertion, movement, and innervation.

A
  • Origin
    Anterior inferior iliac spine
    Superior to acetabulum
  • Insertion
    Patella
    Tibia tuberosity via patellar tendon
  • Movement
    Hip flexion
    Pelvis anterior tilt
    Knee extension
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
17
Q

vastus lateralis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin
    Intertrochanteric line
    Greater trochanter
    Linea aspera
  • Insertion
    Lateral patella
    Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
  • Movement
    Knee extension
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
18
Q

vastus medialis origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin
    Linea aspera
    Medial condyloid ridge
  • Insertion
    Medial patella
    Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
  • Movement
    Knee extension
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
19
Q

vastus intermedius origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin
    Proximal and anterior femur
  • Insertion
    Patella
    Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
  • Movement
    Knee extension
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
20
Q

what muscles are included in the hamstrings and what movement do they do?

A
  • Muscles
    Semitendinosus
    Semimembranosus
    Biceps femoris
  • Movement
    Knee flexion
    Hip extension
21
Q

popliteus origin, insertion, movement, and innervation

A
  • Origin
    Posterior lateral condyle of the femur
  • Insertion
    Proximal posteromedial tibia
  • Movement
    Knee flexion and IR of flexed knee
  • Innervation - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
22
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of knee flexion?

A

A:
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus

E: Hamstring curls

23
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of knee extension?

A

A:
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius

E: Squats

24
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of knee IR?

A

A:
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus

E: TB IR with knee flexion

25
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of knee ER?

A

A:
Biceps femoris
TFL

E: Terminal knee extensio

26
Q

what structures are involved in the unhappy triad?

A
  • MCL (medial collateral ligament)
  • Medial meniscus
  • ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
27
Q

what are the symptoms of unhappy triad?

A
  • Pain in medial knee
  • Pain with ROM and weight-bearing
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Knee “gives out” or “locks up”
28
Q

what are the causes of unhappy triad?

A
  • Blow to knee/lower leg
  • Skiing
  • Plant and pivot
29
Q

what is PFPS stand for and what is the common name?

A
  • patellofemoral pain syndrome
  • aka runner’s/jumper’s knee
30
Q

what are the symptoms of PFPS?

A
  • Pain under/around patella
  • Crepitus
31
Q

what are the causes of PFPS?

A
  • Quad weakness or imbalance
  • Patellar tracking dysfunction
  • Overuse

FA final exam review (13 decks)

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