Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FA final exam review > Cervical and Thoracic > Flashcards

Cervical and Thoracic Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the cervical and thoracic spine?

A

movement of head; line of sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what bones are included in the cervical and thoracic spine?

A

atlas, axis, C3-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the landmarks of the atlas

A
  • No body
  • Facet for dens (connects to other vertebrae below)
  • Articular facets
  • Transverse process
  • Arches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the landmarks of the axis

A
  • Has a body
  • Dens (connects to other vertebrae)
  • Articular facets
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process (is palpable)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the landmarks of C3-C7

A
  • Body
  • Articular facets
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process is short and divided
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the function of the atlantooccipital joint

A

connects cranium to atlas - functions for “yes” nod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe function of the atlantoaxial joint

A

connects atlas to axis - functions for “no” nod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe kind of joint, bones involved, and movement of the articular vertebral joints

A
  • Arthrodial
  • Bones: sup art facets and inf art facets
  • Movement: gliding for flexion, extension, SB, and rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe kind of joint and parts of the C2-S1 vertebral joints

A
  • Amphiarthrodial symphysis joints
  • Parts: vertebral discs and vertebral bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the parts of intervertebral discs

A
  • Outer layer = annulus fibrosus
  • dense fibrocartilage
  • Inner layer = nucleus pulposus
  • gelatinous/pulpy substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of intervertebral discs?

A

Function to compress vertebral bodies in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a herniation and what affect does it have on the functionality of the spine?

A

when the nucleus pulposus protrudes annulus fibrosus

Changes to annulus decrease resilience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the landmarks of the thoracic spine?

A
  • Body
  • Articular facets: costal facets
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process: long and downward pointing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many total ribs are there and how are they put into groups?

A

12 pairs
- 7 true ribs
- 5 false ribs: 3 indirect, 2 floating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the landmarks of the ribs?

A

head, neck, shaft, tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe cervical flexion and include degrees of motion

A

chin to chest - 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe cervical extension and include degrees of motion

A

look up - 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe cervical SB and include degrees of motion

A

SB left - left ear to left shoulder - 45 degrees

SB right - right ear to right shoulder - 45 degrees

19
Q

describe cervical rotation and include degrees of motion

A

Rotation left - look over left shoulder - 60 degrees

Rotation right - look over right shoulder - 60 degrees

20
Q

longus colli origin and movement

A

Origin: anterior neck
Movement: cervical and upper T-spine flexion

21
Q

SCM origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin:
    Medial clavicle
    Manubrium
  • Insertion:
    Mastoid process
  • Cervical movement:
    Atlantoaxial extension
    Cervical flexion
    SB - ipsilateral
    Rotation - contralateral
22
Q

splenius cervicis origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin: SP T3-T6
  • Insertion: TP C1-C3
  • Cervical movement:
    Extension
    SB - ipsilateral
    Rotation - ipsilateral
23
Q

splenius capitis origin, insertion, and movement

A
  • Origin:
    Ligamentum nuchae
    SP C7-T4
  • Insertion:
    Mastoid process
    Occiput
  • Cervical movement:
    Extension
    SB - ipsilateral
    Rotation - ipsilateral
24
Q

what are the erector spinae muscles from medial to lateral?

A
  • spinalis (medial)
  • longissimus (middle)
  • iliocostalis (lateral)
25
Q

what pelvis and spine movement does the erector spinae do?

A
  • Spine extension, SB ipsilateral, rotation ipsilateral
  • Pelvis anterior tilt, contralateral lateral rotation
26
Q

what are the 7 thoracic muscles?

A
  • Diaphragm
  • Intercostals internal and external
  • Levator costarum
  • Subcostals
  • Scalenes
  • Serratus posterior
  • Transversus thoracic
27
Q

what muscles are used in primary inspiration?

A

diaphragm, external intercostals

28
Q

what muscles are used in secondary inspiration?

A

levator costarum, scalenes, serratus posterior

29
Q

what muscles are used in forced expiration?

A

internal intercostals, abdominals, transversus thoracis, subcostals

30
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

relaxed breathing

31
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of cervical flexion?

A

A:
SCM
Deep neck flexors: longus colli, longs capitus, rectus capitus

E:
Chin tucks

32
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of cervical extension?

A

A:
Erector spinae
Spenius cervicis
Splenius capitis

E:
Prone chin tucks
ROM - cat/cow

33
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of cervical SB/lateral flexion

A

A:
SCM
Erector spinae
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

E:
Cervical isometrics (hand to head)

34
Q

what are the agonists and exercises of cervical rotation?

A

A:
SCM
Erector spinae
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

E:
TB cervical rotation

35
Q

what is degenerative disc disease?

A

disc space collapse; cartilaginous endplate erosion

36
Q

what are the causes of degenerative disc disease?

A

Aging
History of injury

37
Q

what are the symptoms of degenerative disc disease?

A
  • Pain at level of degeneration
  • Increased pain with flexion and rotation
  • Muscle spasms
  • Radiating pain/numbness/tingling
38
Q

what is whiplash?

A

forceful flex/ext neck movement

39
Q

what are the causes of whiplash?

A

MVA - rear-ended
Fall, shaken, punched, sports

40
Q

what are the symptoms of whiplash?

A
  • Neck pain and stiffness
  • Increased pain with neck movement
  • Loss of cervical ROM
  • Headaches that start at the base of the skull
  • numbness/tingling in UEs
41
Q

what is scoliosis?

A

side to side curvature of the spine (C or S shaped)

42
Q

what are the causes of scoliosis?

A
  • Nonstructural: symptoms of another condition
  • Structural: birth defect, injury, infection, abnormal growth
43
Q

what are the symptoms of scoliosis?

A
  • Difference in shoulder height (asymmetrical scapula)
  • Head off center
  • Difference in iliac crest height

FA final exam review (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions