Wounds, Bandages And Dressings Flashcards
What is the second stage of fibroplastic healing
Collagen phase. Collagen is created and layed down in wound to close it
What is the 3rd stage of fibroplastic healing
Maturation phase. Scar eventually forms and becomes flatter, paler and softens dramatically.
What is epithelial regeneration and when does it occur
Starts within hours of wound appearing but can take up to 5 days before cells completely migrate across the wound itself to attach to each other. Occurs in fibroblastic stage
What are systemic factors that affect wound healing
Age
Nutritional status
Disease
What are local factors that affect wound healing
Extent of damage in wound. Dessication of wound Vascularity of area effected. Infection of wound Bleeding of wound Foreign material in wound
What does dessication of the wound cause
Tissue destruction and delayed healing
What does the vascularity of an area affect
Highly vascular areas heal more quickly than others
What does infection do to the wound healing
Mechanically seperation of wound margins or cellular disruption by toxins.
What does bleeding do to slow wound healing
Clots must be absorbed or liquified. Best hemostasis is with pressure, clamping and tying and finally cautery
What is the first stage of fibroplastic healing
Exudative stage. Acute inflammation and release of chemical mediators.
What does a foreign body do to slow the healing
Will form a drainage tract as long as some remains.
What are some external factors that affect wound healing
Drugs such as corticosteroids
Radiotherapy
If a wound has been exposed for less than 6-8 hrs what is it considered
Uncomplicated and uninfected.
If a wound is open more than 8hrs what is it considered
Complicated and infected
What are the three types of wound healing
First intention
Second intention
Third intention
What is healing by first intention
Primary closure and has a small scar
What is healing by second intention
Granulation tissue with a scab and a large scar
What is third intention healing
Suturing once granulation tissue has formed.
What are the three c’s of wound treatment
Cleansing
Closing
Covering
How do you prepare uncomplicated wounds
Protect while shaving area Cleanse skin with antiseptic Flush wound with saline or chlorexidine Excise dead tissue and suture wound Apply dressing or bandages as needed
How do you prepare complicated wounds
Protect while shaving area Cleanse skin with antiseptic Flush wound with chlorhexidine. Apply wet saline dressings Cover with tefle pad Bandage.
How does fluid drain with a penrose drain
Drains around them rather than through them.
Generally when do you remove sutures
Between 7-14days
What are some topical antibiotics
Polysporin, neomycin, silver sulfadiazine, nitrofurazone.
What are some enzymatic debriefing agents
Castor oil, preparation H
What do hydrophilic agents do
Cause diffusion of fluids through wound tissues into a bandage and allows easier absorption
What are some lavage solutions you can use
Chlorhexidine solution, tris EDTA, povidone iodine, acetic acid
Why do we use bandages
Prevent contamination of wound Prevent mutilation Maintain clean environment for wound healing Control edema (swelling) and seroma Prevent use of limb Support weak tissue Secure catheters
What are the ten primary indications for bandages
Absorption Protection Antisepsis Pressure Immobilization Debridement Packing Information Comfort Aesthetic
Describe the absorption of a dressing
Acts as a passageway and storage for wound draining.
Describe the first layer of a bandage
Tefle pad to prevent adhesion.
Describe te second layer of a bandage
Cling or cotton roll
Describe the third layer of a bandage
Cling or vet wrap
What is the protection role of a bandage
Protect the wound from further trauma
What is the immobilization function of a bandage
Places the wound and rest and thereby decreases ️pain present and allows healing to occur without disruption from mechanical trauma. Also decreases the amount of scar tissue formation
Describe the pressure aspect of a bandage
May exert a slight amount of pressure upon a wound. Reducing the amount of transudate collected in a dead space. Reduces the possibility of a seroma or a hematoma which become an excellent culture media for bacteria.
What do you have to check the bandage for
Swelling, coolness, dryness and odour.
What is debridement
Wet wound dressings are indicated to decrease the viscosity of the thick wound secretions thus aiding in their removal.
What are some materials for bandaging
Gauze squares King /conform bandage Roll cotton and roll padding Different types of tape and Elastoplast Vet wrap Tefla pads
What is the contact layer
Touches wound surface and remains in contact during movement
Should minimize pain and prevent excess loss of body fluids
Adherant - debridement required.
Nonadherant - used when granulation tissue has formed and does not stick to wound.
Describe the intermediate layer to bandages
Absorbent layer, removes and stores exudate, should be thick enough to collect fluid. Pads the wound against trauma. Limits movement and holds the contact layer in place
What is the outer layer use for
Holds the other parts in place
What are adherant bandage
Assist in debriding by liquefying necrotic debris.
What are stabilizing bandages used for
Used to minimize further tissue damages, these are heavily padded such as a Robert Jones
What are pressure bandages used for
Used to facilitate control of minor hemorrhage, edema. Goods for those spays that bleed, also for animals in shock
What are pressure relief bandages used for
Used to prevent pressure, usually over a bony prominence. Donut shaped and well padded and difficult to maintain in place
Describe an eye surgery bandage
Slip 2 fingers under
Describe an aural hematoma bandage
If tight don’t remove, just snip and retape loosely.
Describe a pharyngostomy tube
If it slips and restricts respiration or swells neck then remove
Describe a chest drain bandage
If dyspnea, remove or snip and retape loosely.
If there are fractured ribs what do you do
Tape 1 1/2 on either side
Describe gastrotomy tubes
Do not incorporate the prepuce in male dog
Describe a laparotomy or spay bandage
Keep the bandage clean and dry from urine and feces
Describe Robert Jones bandages
Highly padded, immobilizes fractures or Edema
Short term use or post op for surgeries.
Describe an ehmer sling
Hind leg bandage used for hip luxation
Immobilizes leg and keeps joint in place
What is a velpeau sling
Front leg for shoulder dislocation
