Lecture 2 Flashcards
What does parenteral mean
Not through the alimentary canal. Aka by injection
What are the 6 routes of drug administration
Parenteral Oral Topical Intranasal Rectal Aerosol
What are the parenteral routes
Injectable
Intraperitoneal
Intralesional
Intradermal
What are the most common needle gauge sizes for injection
22,23,25g
What are the complications to injections
Irritation
Tissue necrosis
Infection
Where can injections be given
Anywhere over the dorsal cervical, thoracic or lumbar regions.
Where is the ideal site for sub q injections
Over shoulders and neck
What is the exception to the ideal sq injection site
Vaccines, can cause sarcomas which have to be removed due to becoming cancerous
List a few drugs that can’t be given sub q
Thiopental
Ketamine
If you get ️pain while injecting sub q what might be the case
You’re Intradermal
Why are solutions injected sub q absorbed more slowly than iv
It is not going straight into the bloodstream so it has to be absorbed through the smaller blood vessels
On which muscle group do you do im injections in the thigh
Semimembranous and Semitendinosis muscle
What are your im injection landmarks for the thigh
Distally: no lower than stifle
What are your landmarks proximally for the thigh
Don’t go more proximal than hip
What are your landmarks cranially for the thigh
Femur
What is the cranial epaxial muscle landmark
Last rib
What is the caudal epaxial muscle landmark
Crest of illium
What are the landmarks when injecting into the tricep muscles
Top of humerus (above elbow), go caudal to humerus
What are the landmarks when injecting in the quadriceps muscle group
Cranially to femur
What direction does venous blood flow
Toward the heart
How do you avoid phlebitis
Inflammation of vessels. Disinfect and change needle
How do you prevent vein collapse
Don’t withdraw plunger too fast
Which drugs can cause tissue necrosis if injected wrong
Thiopental
Ketamine
Dextrose
What is intraperitoneal
Into the peritoneal cavity
What is Intradermal
In the derm
What is intralesional
Into a lesion
Name a common clinician sign in cats and dogs where administering an oral drug is contraindicated.
Vomiting or severe diarrhea
What is the advantage of aerosol over traditional therapy
Less pancreatitis, diabetes, Polyuria, cystitis, innapropriate urination, behaviour changes
What are the feline core vaccines
Rhinotracheitis
Calici virus
Panleukopenia
Rabies ***
Give an example of the vaccine schedules for kittens
At 8 wk, 12wk, 16wk
Give an example of the vaccine schedule for a 16wk old cat
16wk, 20wk and then 1yr later
Why do we give boosters till 16 weeks of age
Due to the mda from the mom.
Where do you administer the fvrcp vaccine
Front Right shoulder
Where do you administer te rabies vaccine
Rhl
Where do you administer the felv vaccine
Lhl
What are the core dog vaccines
Distemper Adenovirus Parvoviris Parainfluenza (incl. in bottle) Rabies ****
How do you check for cheyletiella
Scotch tape and microscope
How do you check for demodex mites
Skin scrapings. Alopecic area
How do you test for sarcoptoc mites
Skin lesions at ear margins. Do skin scrapings.
What do tapeworms look like
Rice
What do roundworms look like
Spaghetti
What do hookworms look like
Spaghetti with large head
What does using zinc sulfate allow the visualization of
Protozoa (giardia, cryptosporidium etc)
Nematodes
What are the deworming schedule recommendations for puppies/kittens
2,4,6,8,10,12 wk then once a month until 6 months
What is the deworming schedule for adult dogs
Approx 4x/ year
What is the deworming schedule for a reproductive bitch
Once during mating, once after giving birth then 2,4 weeks after giving birth
What is the deworming schedule for outdoor cats
Every 3 months but if it’s a hunter cat then 1x/month
