Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is a solute
Particles that are dissolved in sterile water of an IV fluid
What is the goal of fluid therapy
To ensure the patient has an adequate amount of fluid distributed appropriately in the body to maintain homeostasis and perfusion
What is osmolarity
Concentration in terms of Oz moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Largely determined by sodium and glucose
What are the two main groups of fluids
Cristalloids,
Colloids
What is a cristalloid fluid
A substance in a solution that can pass through a semi permeable membrane. True solutions of homogeneous mixture of electrolytes with or without dextrose. Expand the intravenous space and cause better tissue perfusion, can replenish fluid losses within and outside blood vessels
What is a disadvantage of cristalloids
Require 2 to 4 times the volume lost by patients with hypovolemia
Define iso tonic high sodium crystalloid
Solution that contains a high amount of sodium, the exact same osmolarity as plasma and extracellular fluid’s.
What happens when isotonic crystalloid is administered
Explains the intravenous space
What are isotonic cristalloids usually used for
Replacement phase: due to readily available easily administered and inexpensive cost. I.e. parvovirus, gastric foreign body, hepatic lipidosis
Maintenance phase: during anesthetic
Emergency phase: hypovolemic shock
What are some commonly used isotonic Christalloids
.9% NaCl , lactated ringer, plasma lyte
What is a hypotonic Cristalloid
Solution which the osmolarity is lower than that of plasma and extracellular fluid. Has a lower sodium ion concentration then serum. Causes cells to expand
What are the common indications for hypotonic Christalloids
Intermittent sub Q fluid administration for cat with chronic renal insufficiency, cardiac patient
What are some commonly used hypotonic Christalloids
.45% NACl plus or minus dextrose, dextrose 2.5%
What is a hypertonic crystalloid
Solution with greater osmolarity than plasma in extracellular fluid. Solution of high sodium concentration. Causes cells to shrink
Why would you use hypertonic crystalloid fluid
For hypovolemic shock patients
What are some common hypertonic crystalloids
7.5% NaCl
What is a colloud fluid
High molecular weight ingredient dissolved in a replacement solution, usually .9%
Describe colloid movement
Most of the solution is retained within intervenous space where it increases osmotic pressure of blood, expands intravenous be sufficiently, asked to hold water in bloodstream and maintain blood pressure
What is the advantage to colloid fluid
More effective than crystalloids at expanding blood volume when given at the same rate and volume
What are the two categories of colloids
Natural colloids and synthetic colloids
What are some natural colloids
Plasma product, whole blood product, hemoglobin-based product, albumin
What is colloid fluid used for
Increasing COP of plasma in patients with Hypoalbuminemia, increasing the circulating blood volume when shock is present, hypovolemic patients to reduce edema
During the emergency phase what type of fluid do you use
Iso tonic solution, hypertonic solution, Colloid solution
During the replacement phase what type of fluids do you use
Isotonic solution, hypotonic solution
During the maintenance phase what type of fluids do use
Isa tonic, hypotonic, colloid
