Lecture 5

Question 0

What is a solute

Answer 0

Particles that are dissolved in sterile water of an IV fluid

Question 1

What is the goal of fluid therapy

Answer 1

To ensure the patient has an adequate amount of fluid distributed appropriately in the body to maintain homeostasis and perfusion

Question 2

What is osmolarity

Answer 2

Concentration in terms of Oz moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Largely determined by sodium and glucose

Question 3

What are the two main groups of fluids

Answer 3

Cristalloids,

Colloids

Question 4

What is a cristalloid fluid

Answer 4

A substance in a solution that can pass through a semi permeable membrane. True solutions of homogeneous mixture of electrolytes with or without dextrose. Expand the intravenous space and cause better tissue perfusion, can replenish fluid losses within and outside blood vessels

Question 5

What is a disadvantage of cristalloids

Answer 5

Require 2 to 4 times the volume lost by patients with hypovolemia

Question 6

Define iso tonic high sodium crystalloid

Answer 6

Solution that contains a high amount of sodium, the exact same osmolarity as plasma and extracellular fluid’s.

Question 7

What happens when isotonic crystalloid is administered

Answer 7

Explains the intravenous space

Question 8

What are isotonic cristalloids usually used for

Answer 8

Replacement phase: due to readily available easily administered and inexpensive cost. I.e. parvovirus, gastric foreign body, hepatic lipidosis
Maintenance phase: during anesthetic
Emergency phase: hypovolemic shock

Question 9

What are some commonly used isotonic Christalloids

Answer 9

.9% NaCl , lactated ringer, plasma lyte

Question 10

What is a hypotonic Cristalloid

Answer 10

Solution which the osmolarity is lower than that of plasma and extracellular fluid. Has a lower sodium ion concentration then serum. Causes cells to expand

Question 11

What are the common indications for hypotonic Christalloids

Answer 11

Intermittent sub Q fluid administration for cat with chronic renal insufficiency, cardiac patient

Question 12

What are some commonly used hypotonic Christalloids

Answer 12

.45% NACl plus or minus dextrose, dextrose 2.5%

Question 13

What is a hypertonic crystalloid

Answer 13

Solution with greater osmolarity than plasma in extracellular fluid. Solution of high sodium concentration. Causes cells to shrink

Question 14

Why would you use hypertonic crystalloid fluid

Answer 14

For hypovolemic shock patients

Question 15

What are some common hypertonic crystalloids

Answer 15

7.5% NaCl

Question 16

What is a colloud fluid

Answer 16

High molecular weight ingredient dissolved in a replacement solution, usually .9%

Question 17

Describe colloid movement

Answer 17

Most of the solution is retained within intervenous space where it increases osmotic pressure of blood, expands intravenous be sufficiently, asked to hold water in bloodstream and maintain blood pressure

Question 18

What is the advantage to colloid fluid

Answer 18

More effective than crystalloids at expanding blood volume when given at the same rate and volume

Question 19

What are the two categories of colloids

Answer 19

Natural colloids and synthetic colloids

Question 20

What are some natural colloids

Answer 20

Plasma product, whole blood product, hemoglobin-based product, albumin

Question 21

What is colloid fluid used for

Answer 21

Increasing COP of plasma in patients with Hypoalbuminemia, increasing the circulating blood volume when shock is present, hypovolemic patients to reduce edema

Question 22

During the emergency phase what type of fluid do you use

Answer 22

Iso tonic solution, hypertonic solution, Colloid solution

Question 23

During the replacement phase what type of fluids do you use

Answer 23

Isotonic solution, hypotonic solution

Question 24

During the maintenance phase what type of fluids do use

Answer 24

Isa tonic, hypotonic, colloid