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Immune and Lymphatic System > Wound healing > Flashcards

Wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

Angiogenesis process

direction of which the blood vessels grow
why is oxygen needed fro fibroblasts

A

the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis
Blood vessels grow to more oxygen rich environments

oxygen is needed for fibroblasts to produce collagen

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2
Q

Fibroplasia

A

the process of forming fibrous tissue
Fibroblasts move to wound site and replicate activated by macrophages
synthesis of ECM and collagen

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3
Q

Epithelialization

A

process where epithelial cells migrate upwards and repair the wounded area

new layer is weak

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4
Q

4 stages of proliferation

A

Angiogenesis
Fibroplasia
Epithelialization
Contraction

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5
Q

Necrosis

A

premature death of cells in living tissue

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6
Q

autolysis

A

refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes

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7
Q

cutaneous

A

relating to or affecting the skin.

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8
Q

First stage of wound healing and how long does it take

A

Heamostasis and seconds to hours

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9
Q

Second stage of wound healing is …. and how long

A

Inflammation and Hours to days

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10
Q

What happens in the process of inflammation?

A

Damaged cells release cytokines causing vasodilation and attract of the 5 key cells/ infiltrating cells

Neutrophils - phagocytose bacteria and debris
macrophages - debridement(clean the wound) and release stimulatory signals
scab

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11
Q

In the inflammation stage a scab is formed , what makes up this scab?

A

Blood clots and dead macrophages

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12
Q

Third stage of wound healing and how long

A

proliferation - days to weeks

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13
Q

Fourth stage of wound healing and how long

A

remodelling - 3weeks to year

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14
Q

contraction phase of proliferation

A

fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts that produce contractile proteins pulling the edge of the wound together.

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15
Q

What happens in remodelling?

A

formation of new granulation tissue stops and new blood vessels are formed however they are of different colour due to vessel density

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16
Q

What are the two main factors of wound healing?

A

Local or systemic

17
Q

What are some local factors about wound healing?

A

pressure on wound
poor blood supply - o2
dehydration at wound site

18
Q

What are some systemic factors about wound healing

A

old age
smoking
immunosuppresion

19
Q

When does primary intention occur?

A

Wounds with dermal edges that are close together

20
Q

Secondary intention?

A

sides of the wound are not imposed

21
Q

What is a keloid scar?

A

excessive collagen production leading to extensive scaring

22
Q

Adhesions

A

bridging with new tissue as wound heals

23
Q

What is the endgame of the clotting cascade

A

to convert soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

24
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent stages of the clothing cascade

A

1972

25
Q

Vitamin k deficiency as liver makes vitamin K
Malabsorption of nutrients from the gut too
can cause what

A

liver disease

26
Q

What is Haemophilia

A

Excessive bleeding into joints can cause arthropathy(disease of the joints) and into muscles can cause hematomas. Increase in pressure can lead to nerve palsies and compartment syndrome.
x linked recessive disorder

27
Q

Heamophilia A affects which clotting factor

A

8

28
Q

Haemophilia B affects which clotting factor

A

9

29
Q

VWF which factor does it affect and how

A

Defective von Willebrand factor (VWF) which binds clotting factor VIII and platelets in the vessel wall
Autosomal dominant genetic disorder (Three types) and can also be acquired from an autoimmune response

30
Q

How long for a Acute illness

A

under 3 weeks

31
Q

Chronic illness how long

A

over 6 weeks

32
Q

what is inflammation a response to

A

response of living tissue to injury

33
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
Calor 
dolor 
tumor 
rubor - erethyma 
loss of function
34
Q

If you are worried about infection what test do you carry

A

CRP test

35
Q

In acute inflammation neutrophils accumulate, in chronic inflammation what WBCs accumulate?

A

macrophages and leukocytes

36
Q

Difference in rates of C reactive protein production in chronic and acute inflammation

A

Increases Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) & C reactive Protein (CRP) in acute
C reactive Protein (CRP) will be less increased in chronic

37
Q

Causes of chronic inflammation

A

Untreated causes of acute inflammation- infection or injury
Autoimmune disorder
Long-term exposure to irritants, such as industrial chemicals or polluted air

38
Q

Risk factors for chronic inflammation

A

Smoking
obesity
alcohol
chronic stress

39
Q

indications of acute inflammation

A

Malaise, pain, fever and rapid pulse rate

Immune and Lymphatic System (19 decks)

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