Temperature regulation

Question 1

norothermia

Answer 1

normal body temp , 36.5-37.5

Question 2

1 calorie is 4.2 joules of energy by how much water can it heat by one degree

Answer 2

1 gram

Question 3

When can variation occur in internal temp

Answer 3

circadian rhythm

menstrual cycle

Question 4

hyperthermia

Answer 4

> 38 called pyrexia

Question 5

hypothermia

Answer 5

<35

Question 6

Nociceptors - detect extremes in change of temp presenting as ….

Answer 6

pain

Question 7

cold thermoreceptors

and what fibres innervate them

Answer 7

found in peripheries conducted by A delta fibres so quick

Question 8

hot thermoreceptors

Answer 8

found mostly in they hypothalamus

Question 9

Types of response mechanisms to change in temp

Answer 9

Behavioral – voluntary actions to increase muscle activity, moving out of the environment you’re in

Physiological- involuntary affecting heat loss and production

Hormonal - Thyroxine + T3 and adrenaline will increase metabolism to generate heat

Nervous system- activation of either the sympathetic of parasympathetic NS, motor system can cause shivering

Question 10

Two hormones increase cellular metabolism what are these?

Answer 10

Thyroxine/T3

Adrenaline/NA

Question 11

sweating does not work best in humid conditions why?

Answer 11

As the air is already staturated so gradient is small

Question 12

What is the thermoneutral zone

Answer 12

environmental temp band which norothermia can be maintained

Question 13

What is brown fat - In neonates

Answer 13

neonates have a high body SA to weight ratio and they are unable to make behavioural changes , scapulae , specialised heat source - oxidative metabolism in mitochondria uncoupled by phosphorylation and produces heat over ATP

Question 14

cellulitis what is it and how do you treat it

Answer 14

bacterial skin infection common in legs, swelling is common

Flucloxacillin for 7 days

Double check for penicillin allergy

Question 15

Antiseptic

Answer 15

substance that stops or slows down the growth of a MO

Question 16

sterilisation

Answer 16

process of destroying all MO

Question 17

clean

Answer 17

free from dirt

Question 18

aseptic

Answer 18

free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria

Question 19

sterile

Answer 19

free from MO

Question 20

How does the body respond to increase heat

Answer 20

decreased muscle activity
vasodilation
exposure
sweating

Question 21

How the body responds to a loss in heat

Answer 21

warm clothing 
vasoconstriction 
shivering 
T3 release 
catchlamine release

Question 22

who is at risk risk of hypothermia

Answer 22

Neonate- Are at risk of hypothermia because they have a high SA : weight ratio and cant make behavioral changes
They have brown fat (found between the scapula) which when metabolized produces heat (not ATP as oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled
Major trauma – replacing blood loss through cold fluids, hypothermia also impairs blood clotting
Burns - prolonged body surface exposure and loss of protective thermoregulation
Near drowning- heat loss via conduction to water
Drug/ alcohol – unable to make behavioral changes