Temperature regulation Flashcards
norothermia
normal body temp , 36.5-37.5
1 calorie is 4.2 joules of energy by how much water can it heat by one degree
1 gram
When can variation occur in internal temp
circadian rhythm
menstrual cycle
hyperthermia
> 38 called pyrexia
hypothermia
<35
Nociceptors - detect extremes in change of temp presenting as ….
pain
cold thermoreceptors
and what fibres innervate them
found in peripheries conducted by A delta fibres so quick
hot thermoreceptors
found mostly in they hypothalamus
Types of response mechanisms to change in temp
Behavioral – voluntary actions to increase muscle activity, moving out of the environment you’re in
Physiological- involuntary affecting heat loss and production
Hormonal - Thyroxine + T3 and adrenaline will increase metabolism to generate heat
Nervous system- activation of either the sympathetic of parasympathetic NS, motor system can cause shivering
Two hormones increase cellular metabolism what are these?
Thyroxine/T3
Adrenaline/NA
sweating does not work best in humid conditions why?
As the air is already staturated so gradient is small
What is the thermoneutral zone
environmental temp band which norothermia can be maintained
What is brown fat - In neonates
neonates have a high body SA to weight ratio and they are unable to make behavioural changes , scapulae , specialised heat source - oxidative metabolism in mitochondria uncoupled by phosphorylation and produces heat over ATP
cellulitis what is it and how do you treat it
bacterial skin infection common in legs, swelling is common
Flucloxacillin for 7 days
Double check for penicillin allergy
Antiseptic
substance that stops or slows down the growth of a MO
sterilisation
process of destroying all MO
clean
free from dirt
aseptic
free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria
sterile
free from MO
How does the body respond to increase heat
decreased muscle activity
vasodilation
exposure
sweating
How the body responds to a loss in heat
warm clothing vasoconstriction shivering T3 release catchlamine release
who is at risk risk of hypothermia
Neonate- Are at risk of hypothermia because they have a high SA : weight ratio and cant make behavioral changes
They have brown fat (found between the scapula) which when metabolized produces heat (not ATP as oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled
Major trauma – replacing blood loss through cold fluids, hypothermia also impairs blood clotting
Burns - prolonged body surface exposure and loss of protective thermoregulation
Near drowning- heat loss via conduction to water
Drug/ alcohol – unable to make behavioral changes
