Overview of lymphatics system of the body

Question 1

How much fluid is absorbed by the lymphatic system and why does this happen?

Answer 1

3 litres of fluid and electrolytes in the extracellular spaces fail to be reabsorbed per day so lymphatic system drains the excess into the subclavian veins, using skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps.

Question 2

Which has more white blood cells plasma or lymph?

Answer 2

Lymph

carriers dietary fats too

Question 3

Dual and uni flow of lymph?

what side are the nodes

Answer 3

flow in one direction and nodes tend to be on the flexor side

Question 4

What cells allow one way flow and how?

Answer 4

Endothelial cells overlap to allow one-way flow. Anchoring filaments attach them to tissues, when pressure increases the cells are pulled apart allowing more fluid to enter.

Question 5

5 lymph trunks

Answer 5

jugular - head and neck
subclavian - upper limbs
bronchomediastinal - ( thoracic, lung and heart)
intestinal - stomach spleen liver and pancreas
lumbar - lower limb and abdominal wall

Question 6

what the two ducts that drain the body?

Answer 6

Thoracic duct - about 38-45cm starts as a dilation of the cistern chill ( pool) and this receives lymph from lower limbs, lumbar/intetinal trunks and left jug and subclavian and brochomediastinal trunks - its the main repository , everything below belly Button
1/4 drained by the right lymphatic duct 1.2cm long and drains right jug and subclavian and BMS

normally drain Into subclavian or jugular after that

Question 7

testicular cancer is associated with which node

Answer 7

Para-aortic nodes

chest - embryology , aorta

Question 8

Gastric cancer is associated with which node

Answer 8

Virchow’s node

Question 9

Breast cancer is associated with which node

Answer 9

Axillary nodes

Question 10

primary lymphatic organ

Answer 10

produce/mature lymphocytes - red bone marrow, thymus gland

Question 11

secondary lymphatic organ

Answer 11

where immune responses occur – lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodules

Question 12

Thymus and how it changes as you get older

Answer 12

large in infants but atrophies in size after puberty and becomes fat infiltrated in adults and site of T cell development and maturation

Question 13

Function of the spleen

Answer 13

Functions as blood filter and plays a role in cell-mediated and humoral immune response

Question 14

Can you normally feel the spleen?

Answer 14

Not normally palpable (if lower edge felt on inspiration- enlarged x3)

Question 15

Role of white pulp

Answer 15

Important role in normal immune response to infection

Comprises lymph-related nodules (malpighian corpuscules)

Question 16

role of red pulp

Answer 16

80% of spleen parenchyma
Seperated from white pulp by marginal zone
Primarily made up of tissue know as the cords and venous sinus

Question 17

bladder

Answer 17

external iliac

Question 18

prostate

Answer 18

internal iliac

Question 19

penis

Answer 19

superficial iliac

Question 20

scrotum

Answer 20

superficial iliac

Question 21

testes

Answer 21

para - aortic

Question 22

ovaries

Answer 22

lateral and pre aortic

Question 23

uterus

Answer 23

fundus - para aortic

cervix - internal/external iliac

Question 24

vagina

Answer 24

upper -external/internal iliac
middle - internal iliac
lower - superficial iliac

Question 25

Testes and ovaries derivate from what - embyological

Answer 25

gonads

Question 26

during a thoracic oesophageal surgery what duct is most vulnerable

Answer 26

thoracic duct