wound healing

Question 1

what is the regenerative ability of tissues from small injury

Answer 1

For small injuries some tissues regenerate fully regaining complete functionality.

Question 2

what cells are needed for tissue regeneration

Answer 2

adult stem cells

Question 3

what provides the initial structure for tissue repair in the bone

Answer 3

haematoma

Question 4

what is the steps of bone tissue repair

Answer 4

haematoma provides initial strucutre
necritic tissue is removed
callus forms
more structural bone replaces the callus

Question 5

what is the regenerative cell in the liver

Answer 5

hepatocytes

Question 6

can the liver be fully restored

Answer 6

no

Question 7

what is angiogenesis?

Answer 7

new vessel formation

Question 8

how does angiongenesis occur

Answer 8

The new vessels form from existing vessels.
Vascular endothelial cells receive signalling molecules and drive the formation of a new vessel through proliferation.
Extracellular matrix proteins provide a scaffold for the proliferation of the endothelial cells and the formation of the new vessel–vascular remodelling.

Question 9

What is the criteria for first intention wound healing

Answer 9

if the two sides are alinged close together

Question 10

what is the criteria for wound healing by second intention

Answer 10

where a portion of tissue is lost and the two sides cant align close together
scar formation and fibrosis is the most likely outcome

Question 11

what is the mechanism of scar formation

Answer 11

phagocytosis
granulation: angiogenesis and migration of fibroblasts
migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen fibres
proliferation of epithelial cells
remodelling

Question 12

what are the steps of scar remodelling

Answer 12

deposited collagen changes to type 1 collagen
blood vessels disappear
newly formed scar tissue contracts

Question 13

what is scar granulation

Answer 13

angiogenesis occurs
proliferation of fibroblasts and remaining inflammatory cells occur

Question 14

what does excessive tissue fibrosis cause

Answer 14

Fibrotic disorders
Liver cirrhosis
Lung fibrosis
Causes organ loss of function and can lead to death

Question 15

What are the systemic complications of wound healing

Answer 15

Age
Drugs (steroids, antibiotics)
Soft tissue genetic disorders (Ehler’s Danlos, Marfan’s)
Diabetes mellitus
Malnutrition
Obesity
Vitamin C deficiency
Trace mineral deficiencies

Question 16

What is the localised impairment of wound healing?

Answer 16

Cause and site of injury, e.g. (burns vs cuts and lip vs foot)
Local infection
Foreign body
Haematoma
Denervation
Poor blood supply or perfusion
Mechanical stress or iatrogenic stress
Necrotic tissue