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Foundations of health and disease > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of epithelial cells

A

cuboidal-cubed
squamous-flat
columnar-colums

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2
Q

what does haematoxylin stain

A

acidic structures

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3
Q

what does eosin stain

A

basic strucutres

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4
Q

where are squamous cells found

A

heart
lungs
blood vessels
membranes

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5
Q

what are the functions of squamous cells

A

diffusion
filtration
secretion

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6
Q

where are cuboidal cells found

A

glands
kidney tubules

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7
Q

what are the functions of cuboidal cells

A

secretion
absorption

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8
Q

where are columnar cells found

A

gastrointestinal tract
uterine tubes

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9
Q

what are the functions of columnar cells

A

absorption
secretion

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10
Q

what does stratified cell layers mean

A

more than one layer

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11
Q

what does pseudostratified cell layers mean

A

false appearance of multiple layers

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12
Q

what does transitonal cell layers mean

A

variable number of cell layers

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13
Q

what are types of connective tissue

A

bone, cartilage
adipose tissue
fibrous connective tissue

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14
Q

what are 3 types of glands

A

Serous glands: protein secretion
Mucous glands: mucus secretion
Sebaceous glands: skin specific

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15
Q

what is in the epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelial tissue
keratinocytes- fibrous protein keratin
melanocytes

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16
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis

A
  • your stratum corneum, made up of dead keratinocyte cells.
  • stratum lucidum are dead keratinocytes that are only found in the thick skin of your
    palms and foot soles.
  • Stratum granulosum contains living keratinocytes forming keratin which are getting compressed and flattened as they move up through the epidermal layers.
  • stratum spinosumis the point where mitosis, is active.
  • stratum basale. It’s just a single layer of columnar cells,
    come lets get sun burned
17
Q

what is in the dermis

A
  • collagen and elastin fibers, it’s also full of capillaries and blood vessels.
  • houses the nerve fibers
  • hair follicles and oil and sweat glands
18
Q

what is the papillary layer made of

A

thin sheet of areolar connective tissue that’s riddled with little peg-like projections called dermal papillae

19
Q

what is the reticular layer of the dermis made of

A

made up of dense irregular connective tissue. All of the dynamic parts contained within the dermis – like the nerve fibers and capillaries – are distributed between both its layers.

20
Q

what cells are found within the dermis

A
  • Fibroblasts – these cells synthesise the extracellular matrix
  • Mast cells – these are histamine granule-containing cells
  • Skin appendages – e.g. hair follicles, nails, sebaceous and sweat glands.
21
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer

A

It consists of mostly adipose connective tissue – basically a seam of fat – and it provides insulation, energy storage, shock absorption, and helps anchor the skin

22
Q

what is melanin

A

a pigment produced by melanocyte cells which gives skin colour

23
Q

what are 3 types of primary skin cancer

A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma – from squamous cells
  • Basal cell carcinoma – from basal cells
  • Melanoma – from melanocyte
24
Q

what are features of basal cell carcinomas (BCC)

A
  • Most common cancer of the skin in the Western world
  • Commonly on the head and neck
  • Infiltrates locally, but rarely spreads to other organs
  • Tends to be multiple
  • Tends to recur
  • Can be disfiguring if on the face
  • Caused by UV radiation exposure
25
Q

what are features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC)

A
  • Second most common skin cancer.
  • Unlike BCC has the propensity to metastasise - lymph nodes,lung, liver and brain.
  • The prognosis is therefore worse than for BCC.
  • Commonly occurs on the head and neck (sun exposed areas).
  • comes from UV radiation and immunosuppression
26
Q

what are features of melanomas

A
  • Occurs at any age
  • The fairer the skin the more at risk (ie. Skin photo types I,II,III) but acral sites at risk in higher skin phototypes.
  • UV radiation exposure is the main risk factor

Foundations of health and disease (21 decks)

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