skin Flashcards
what are the 3 types of epithelial cells
cuboidal-cubed
squamous-flat
columnar-colums
what does haematoxylin stain
acidic structures
what does eosin stain
basic strucutres
where are squamous cells found
heart
lungs
blood vessels
membranes
what are the functions of squamous cells
diffusion
filtration
secretion
where are cuboidal cells found
glands
kidney tubules
what are the functions of cuboidal cells
secretion
absorption
where are columnar cells found
gastrointestinal tract
uterine tubes
what are the functions of columnar cells
absorption
secretion
what does stratified cell layers mean
more than one layer
what does pseudostratified cell layers mean
false appearance of multiple layers
what does transitonal cell layers mean
variable number of cell layers
what are types of connective tissue
bone, cartilage
adipose tissue
fibrous connective tissue
what are 3 types of glands
Serous glands: protein secretion
Mucous glands: mucus secretion
Sebaceous glands: skin specific
what is in the epidermis
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
keratinocytes- fibrous protein keratin
melanocytes
what are the layers of the epidermis
- your stratum corneum, made up of dead keratinocyte cells.
- stratum lucidum are dead keratinocytes that are only found in the thick skin of your
palms and foot soles. - Stratum granulosum contains living keratinocytes forming keratin which are getting compressed and flattened as they move up through the epidermal layers.
- stratum spinosumis the point where mitosis, is active.
- stratum basale. It’s just a single layer of columnar cells,
come lets get sun burned
what is in the dermis
- collagen and elastin fibers, it’s also full of capillaries and blood vessels.
- houses the nerve fibers
- hair follicles and oil and sweat glands
what is the papillary layer made of
thin sheet of areolar connective tissue that’s riddled with little peg-like projections called dermal papillae
what is the reticular layer of the dermis made of
made up of dense irregular connective tissue. All of the dynamic parts contained within the dermis – like the nerve fibers and capillaries – are distributed between both its layers.
what cells are found within the dermis
- Fibroblasts – these cells synthesise the extracellular matrix
- Mast cells – these are histamine granule-containing cells
- Skin appendages – e.g. hair follicles, nails, sebaceous and sweat glands.
what is the subcutaneous layer
It consists of mostly adipose connective tissue – basically a seam of fat – and it provides insulation, energy storage, shock absorption, and helps anchor the skin
what is melanin
a pigment produced by melanocyte cells which gives skin colour
what are 3 types of primary skin cancer
- Squamous cell carcinoma – from squamous cells
- Basal cell carcinoma – from basal cells
- Melanoma – from melanocyte
what are features of basal cell carcinomas (BCC)
- Most common cancer of the skin in the Western world
- Commonly on the head and neck
- Infiltrates locally, but rarely spreads to other organs
- Tends to be multiple
- Tends to recur
- Can be disfiguring if on the face
- Caused by UV radiation exposure
what are features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC)
- Second most common skin cancer.
- Unlike BCC has the propensity to metastasise - lymph nodes,lung, liver and brain.
- The prognosis is therefore worse than for BCC.
- Commonly occurs on the head and neck (sun exposed areas).
- comes from UV radiation and immunosuppression
what are features of melanomas
- Occurs at any age
- The fairer the skin the more at risk (ie. Skin photo types I,II,III) but acral sites at risk in higher skin phototypes.
- UV radiation exposure is the main risk factor
