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Foundations of health and disease > scans > Flashcards

scans Flashcards

1
Q

what is ionising radiation

A
  • Removes electrons from atoms
  • Includes X rays, gamma rays and some UV
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2
Q

what are some non ionising radiation

A
  • Sound waves in ultrasound
  • Radio waves in MRI
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3
Q

what are strenghts of radiography

A
  • Great spatial resolution- especially bone
  • Cheap & available
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4
Q

what are weaknesses of radiography

A
  • 2D only
  • Ionising radiation
  • Very limited soft tissue visualisation
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5
Q

what happens to photons in an x-ray

A
  • Absorbed - lose energy and not reach the image receptor
  • Transmitted – pass through patient and not interact with tissues
  • Scattered – deflected from original path
  • Radiation reaching the receptor is then captured and made into a digital image
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6
Q

what are strengths of computed tomography

A
  • Cross-sectional
  • Spatial resolution
  • Widely available
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7
Q

what are weaknesses of computed tomography

A

ionising radiation
limited soft tissue contrast

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8
Q

what are strengths of ultrasounds

A
  • Non-ionising radiation
  • Multiplanar
  • Dynamic
  • Doppler
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9
Q

what are weaknesses of ultrasounds

A

operator dependent
cant see through bone or gas

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10
Q

what are strengths of MRI

A
  • Non-ionising & Multiplanar
  • Exquisite soft tissue contrast
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11
Q

what are weaknesses of MRI

A
  • Limited availability to some referrers
  • VERY strong magnetic field
  • Some patients/equipment not suitable
  • Expensive shielding
  • Cannot see calcification or gas
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12
Q

what are the steps of MRi

A
  • Patient lies in scanner
  • Hydrogen protons align to longitudinal axis of magnet
  • RF pulse applied which causes protons to flip
  • Recovery rate of these protons depends on the tissue they are in
  • Resultant image has range of contrast
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13
Q

what are the steps of PET

A
  • Patient injected with a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical such as fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)
  • Time allowed for drug to circulate the system
  • PET scan detects patterns of distribution around the body
  • FDG is metabolised to FDG-6-phosphate which cannot be further metabolised by tumour cells
  • It accumulates and concentrates in tumour cells. This accumulation is detected and quantified.
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14
Q

what scan is this

A

CT

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15
Q

what scan is this

A

X-ray

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16
Q

what scan is this

A

MRI

17
Q

what scan is this

A

ultrasound

18
Q

what scan is this

A

PET

Foundations of health and disease (21 decks)

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