World Wars and Great Debates: Liberalism & Realism Flashcards
1
Q
Who are the key liberal and conservative thinkers?
A
- Liberalism
- Kant
- Hagel - influenced marx
- Conervatism
- Machiavelli
- Burke
2
Q
What are the core attributes of ideology?
A
- Often concerned with an optimal social order - Have a specific orientation towards historical change - conservative/liberal - Have views of human nature
3
Q
What is Modernity?
A
- Divides governments by function - beauadrcratic order to keep power from being monoploised - Also divides the social order into autonomous realm, public separated from private, church separated from state, culture from politics - increases in efficiency
4
Q
What are core tenants to Liberal theory?
A
- Collective Security
- Self-determination
- Interdependence
- A belief in the primacy of reason
- Religious toleration
- Individual freedom
- Opposition to arbitrary governance
(especially the monarchy) - Hostility to militarism and an
emphasis on peace - Support for international free trade
or the market as a guarantor for
peace and a ‘rational’ social order - Equality & Rights
- Right to own properties
- State is the representative of the
people - Free market economy
- Human Rights
- International Law
- Multilateral Security/Interdependent
Communities
5
Q
What are the aspects of the Liberal Tradition?
A
- Democratic Peace Theory
- Liberal Institutionalism
- Commercial Liberalism
6
Q
What is the Democratic peace Theory?
A
- Passive
- Libya, 2012
- Aggressive
- Iraq 2003
- Draws heavily from Kant
- Ultimate social order is one
populated by democratic states
because these rarely go to war with
each other
7
Q
What is Liberal Institutionalism?
A
- Spread of liberal values occurs
through their formulation in
institutions
- Passive
- Informal agreements
- Aggressive
- International law, formal
agreements, world state theory
8
Q
What is Commercial Liberalism?
A
- The market spreads liberal values
- Passive
- Increasing economic integration
- Active
- Neo-Liberalism
9
Q
Where has the institutionalisation of Liberal ideas occurred?
A
- Interwar and Post-War settlement
- UN
- World Bank
- IMF
- WTO (GATT)
- WHO
- ICC
- ILO
10
Q
Where did instituionalsim occur in the interwar and post-war settlements?
A
- Wislon’s 14 points
- Freedom of the seas
- Open Diplomacy
- Free Trade
- Disarmament
- National Sovereignty
- The League of Nations
- All states
- Collective security
- Diplomacy
- Disarmament
- Quality of Life and Rights
11
Q
What are the critiques of Liberalism?
A
- Naivety
- Ignoring that their are power
politics
- Ignoring that their are power
- Are there universal values?
- A mask for self-interest? Or
imperalism? - Non as democratic as it purports
- Carr - creates a particular,
unchanging social order
- Carr - creates a particular,
- Co-operation of some states occurs at
the expense of others - Other wars of organising social and
political life?
12
Q
What started the first great debate?
A
- The Failure of the Liberal Experiment
- EH Carr “The Twenty Year Crisis” -
1939
13
Q
What was The Twenty Year Crisis about?
A
- Very conserative line of thinking
- Doesn’t want to do away with
utopianism altogether, just
demote it’s role in it’s study of
IR - The foundation of realist
philosophy- (based off Machiavelli)
- History is a sequence of
cause and effect whose course
can by analysed and
understood by intellectual
effort but not (as utopians
believe) directed by
imagination - Theory does not (as utopians
believe) create practice but
rather practice creates theory - Politics are not (as utopians
pretend) a function of
ethics, rather ethics are a
function of politics.
- Doesn’t want to do away with
14
Q
Who was Hans Morgenthau?
A
- “Scientific Man versus Power
Politics” - 1946
- Takes Carr’s view slightly more
conservative and in a more
anti-rationalist line
- Liberalisms emphasis on scientific
method and rationalism is it’s
downfall as it believes in science to
solve all political problems in the
modern age
- “Politics Among nations” - 1948
- 1. Human Nature is flawed
- 2. Power drives all action
- 3. Ethics is shaped by
self-interest
15
Q
What is the fundamental tenant of realism?
A
- The Great Divide
- International vs Domestic
political theory separated leads
to…
- International vs Domestic
- Anarchy
