World Wars Flashcards

1
Q

Summarise 1914-1945 in regards to Change

A
- A time of huge political,
  ideological, and technological change
- Major implications exist for out
  world in modern day
* Political Change
* Ideological Change
* Technological change
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2
Q

What was the political change which occurred between 1914-1945?

A
  • The end of an era of empires
  • The end of Europe as the centre of
    global affairs in the way it had been
    since the 15th Century
  • WWI helped trigger American and
    Soviet focus on domestic affairs
    while WWII brought both countries
    into the heart of Europe
  • Witnesses consequences of ideas of
    Social Darwinism - a racist
    distortion of Charles Darwin’s theoty
    of natural selection to states and
    people
  • The beginning of Political Science
    and International Relations as
    disciplines
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3
Q

What was the ideological change which occurred between 1914-1945?

A
  • 1917 bolshevik revolution in Russia
  • 1930s US isolationism
  • International coordination and
    cooperation from the creation of the
    League of Nations (1920) and the
    Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) to the
    United Nations (1945)
  • The development and use of the
    strategy of total war
  • Consequences of Social Darwinims
  • The ideological and physical
    dismantling of the European empires
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4
Q

What was the technological change which occurred between 1914-1945?

A
- Technological change centred on
  military incentives that had huge
  civilian implications
- Transportation revolution - air, land
  and water
    - Air - from the first flight in
      1903 to the Red Baron’s successes
      in WWI to the Boeing B-29
      Super-fortress of WWII
    - Land- tanks, machine guns, super
      guns in WWI and logistics,
      communications and intelligence,
      medicine, and industrial
      production in WWII
    - The use of total war
    - Harnessing of atomic energy
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5
Q

Who were the major European powers in 1914?

A
  • Triple Enetente

* Triple Alliance

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6
Q

What was the Triple Enetente?

A
  • Britain
    • Constitutional monarchy
    • King George V (1910 - 1936)
  • France
    • Parliamentary monarchy
    • Pres. Raymond Poincaire
  • Russia
    • Monarchy
    • Tsar Nicholas II (1894 - 1917)
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7
Q

What was the Triple Alliance?

A
  • Germany
    • Constitutional monarchy
    • Kaiser Wilhelm (1888 - 1918)
  • Austria-Hungary
    • Constitutional monarchy
    • Kaiser Franz Joseph (1848 - 1916)
  • Italy
    • Constitutional monarchy
    • King Victor Emmanuel III (1900 -
      1946)
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8
Q

What are the Individual level explanations for WWI?

A
  • Anachronistic leaders (e.g. Kaiser
    Wilhelm) or the death of stabilising
    leaders (Otto von Bismarck)
  • Bosnian Serb assassin Gavrilo Princip
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9
Q

What are the unit/state level explanations for WWI?

A
  • Aggressive and militarising states
  • Nationalism
  • Domestic politics
  • German Realpolitik
  • Germany’s unification and economic
    growth
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10
Q

What are the global/system level explanations for WWI?

A
- Changing distribution of European
  power
- Tech change
- Shifting alliances
- Relative peace but diplomatic
  challenges in previous decades
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11
Q

What initiated WWI?

A

28 June 1914 - Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

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12
Q

What happened between 1918 and 1919?

A
* January 1918 - Woodrow Wilson
  outlines his 14 points as moral aims
  for US fighting in WWI
                    - 14th point led to League of Nations being founded
- November 1918 - Kaiser Wilhelm
  abdicated
* January 1919 - Paris Peace
  Conference, which leads to the Treaty
  of Versailles (28 June 1919)
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13
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • (28 June 1919)
  • French and British population wanted
    hard settlement - wanted to punish
  • Germany, Austraia and Turkey lost all
    of their colonies
  • German army limited to 100,000
  • Austria-Hungary broken up into 6
    countries
    • Creation of Czechoslovakia and
      Yugoslavia
  • Harsh reparations
  • War guilt clause
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14
Q

What is the current consensus about the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Current consensus was that the peace failed to address longterm problems of European security and created new grievances

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15
Q

What important events happened in the Interwar period?

A
- A time of both high hopes and dashed
  expectations
- A time of protectionism, autarky and
  eventual appeasement (Chamberlin)
- 1929-1939 - Great Depression
- 1931 - Japan invades Manchuria
- 1933 (January) - Hitler appointed
  German Chancellor
- 1935 - Italian invasion of Abyssinia
  in 1935
- 1936-1939 Substantial German
  involvement in Spanish Civil War
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16
Q

What are the Individual level explanations for WWII?

A
  • Experience of leaders (Hitler,
    Chamberlain)
  • Hitler’s ideology and desires to
    right wrongs from Versailles
17
Q

What are the unit/state level explanations for WWI?

A
- Internal challenges including
  economic hardship
- German, Italian and Japanese
  dissatisfaction with outcome of WWI
- Germany’s invasion of Poland on 1
  September 1939
18
Q

What are the global/system level explanations for WWI?

A
  • Global economic collapse of 1930s
  • Multipolar distribution of power
  • Germany’s rapid economic and military
    power (1936-1939) destabilised
    European balance of power
  • Global divisions along ideological
    lines (e.g. Nazism, fascism,
    communism, capitalism)